عوامل مؤثر بر شكل گيري خوشه هاي نوآوري؛ مطالعه ناحيه نوآوري شريف

The Effective Factors on the Formation of Innovation Clusters: The Case of Sharif Innovation District

اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺮ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺪﻟﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﻧﻮآوري ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد. ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻨﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻗﻄﺐ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري ﯾﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻧﻮآوري ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎزوﮐﺎر ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري را ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري در اﯾﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ داده ﺑﻨﯿﺎد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده و ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎرده ﺧﺒﺮه آﺷﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري و ﺑﻮم ﺳﺎزﮔﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎً در ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻧﻘﺶ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﮑﻞ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻧﻮآوري ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﺨﺖ و ﻧﺮم ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ: ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﻠّﯽ، ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪ اي و زﻣﯿﻨﻪ اي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻮم ﺳﺎزﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﻮﯾﺎ از ﺑﺎزﯾﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت و ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. از دﯾﮕﺮ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻬﺎد ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ ﮔﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮي و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ وﻇﯿﻔﻪ راﻫﺒﺮي ﺑﻮم ﺳﺎزﮔﺎن ﻧﻮآوراﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪه دارد

Today, the importance of shaping innovation area as a new model in the geography of innovation countries is emphasized. Areas are referred to as an innovation hubs and innovation districts. This research focusing on identifying innovation areas and describes the concept of “innovation clusters”. A new phenomenon which better describes the mechanism of innovation areas. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the formation of innovation clusters in Iran. The present study utilized a qualitative method with a grounded theory approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 experts familiar with innovative ecosystems, some of whom were directly involved in the formation of innovation area in the country. The results of this paper show that the shaping factors are divided into two categories: hard factors and soft factors. These factors could be classified under causal, intervention and contextual conditions and its results lead to the formation of a dynamic ecosystem of diverse actors focused on different technologies, and the most important strategic factor between them is innovative communication and partnerships. Other important results of this paper include the role of the facilitator in the formation and development of innovation clusters, which is responsible for managing the innovative ecosystem in the cluster.