ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﮔﺬارﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار: روﯾﮑﺮد ﻓﺮاﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ

A look at Technological Catch-up Studies from the Perspective of Sustainability Transitions: A Meta-Synthesis Review

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﺻﻠﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﻣﮑﺘﺐ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻧﺌﻮﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎ و راﻫﺒﺮد ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﮑﺘﺐ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻧﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ و اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺳﺒﺐ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ و ﭘﯿﺸﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ از ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ، دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ روﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازد. در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر، 92 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 58 ﺳﺎل )1962 ﺗﺎ 2020( از 21 ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﺮاﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ، دو ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه و ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ در ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روﻧﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮارﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﮔﺬارﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎز ﮐﺮدن ﭘﻨﺠﺮه ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﺻﺖ درون زا از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ اي از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رژﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ-ﻓﻨﯽ و ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮآوري ﻓﻨﺎوراﻧﻪ و ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺮو، در ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺳﺖ.

One of the key issues in the global economy is the extent to which global change creates opportunities for developing countries to prosper. The school of neoclassical economics has emphasized on catch-up, yet it has considered the policies and strategies of catching up to be the same for all countries. With the emergence of evolutionary economics, this perspective has changed. It led to the interest of pursuing technological advancement in developing countries and even to surpass developed ones in terms of technological catch-up studies. These studies, in light of global developments, have changed and evolved over history. In this regard, this article examines the trend of technological catch-up studies. In the present study 92 articles were extracted from 21 prestigious journals in the period of 58 years (1962- 2020). Based on the Meta-Synthesis method, two main paths of "Low road" and "High road" were identified in technological catch-up studies in the literature, and the characteristics of each of them were extracted and compared based on existing literature. The findings suggest that the process of technological catch-up studies is moving towards sustainability transitions with an emphasis on opening up windows of endogenous opportunity, through the management of a set of activities for the development of socio-technical regimes, and based on Technological innovation systems analysis to create more proactive responses from follower countries. Finally, suggestions have been made for future studies of technological catch- up.