شناسايي عوامل مؤثر بر مهاجرت ورزشي ورزشكاران نخبه ايران

Identification the Factors Affecting the Sports Migration of Elite Iranian Athletes

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭘﯽ آن ﺑﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻠﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﺗﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽ از ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، آنﻫﺎ را اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻫﺪف از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش از ﻧﻮع ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ـ ﮐﻤﯽ )آﻣﯿﺨﺘﻪ( ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اوﻟﯿﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮔﻠﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻓﯽ و ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ 15 ﻧﻔﺮ از ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﺗﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﻤﻪ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻣﺪالآور ﺷﺮﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪه در دو دوره اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺎزيﻫﺎي آﺳﯿﺎﯾﯽ و اﻟﻤﭙﯿﮏ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد آنﻫﺎ 177 ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻮرﮔﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد 118 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪاي ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ رواﯾﯽ ﺻﻮري و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ 10 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ورزﺷﯽ و ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ورزﺷﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ )0/96 = α( ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ. در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده¬ﻫﺎ از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ و اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي اس.ﭘﯽ.اس.اس ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 22 و اﺳﻤﺎرت ﭘﯽ.ال.اس 3 اﺳﺘﻔﺎدهﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖﺑﻨﺪي ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ورزﺷﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﺗﯿﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽﺑﻪاﯾﻦﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﺳﺖ: ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ )3/81(، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )3/8(، سياسي 3/62 روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ )3/6(، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ )3 /17(. ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از /ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ورزش ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﺮﯾﮏ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ذﮐﺮﺷﺪه ﻣﻮردﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﻧﯿﮑﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺮازش ﻧﯿﺰ، ﺑﺮازش ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﺪل ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ اﯾﺮان را ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﮐﺮد. .

The present study sought to prioritize the causes of the migration of national team athletes from the country while recognizing the causes. This research was based on the purpose of applied research and based on qualitative-quantitative (mixed) method. In the qualitative section and to obtain basic information through structured and semi-structured interviews, sampling was performed as snowballs and interviews with 15 athletes of national teams and theoretical saturation was obtained. The statistical population of the study included a small number of all medal-winning athletes participating in the last two Asian and Olympic Games, 177 of whom 118 randomly selected according to Morgan's table. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed the formal validity and content of the questionnaire by 10 professors of sports management and sports experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported through Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.96). In the data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used with SPSS software versions 22 and Smart PLS3. The results of the research show that the priorities of the factors affecting the sports migration of athletes of national teams are as follows: managerial (3.81), social (3.8), political (3.62), psychological (3.6), cultural (3.17) an‎d economic (3/01). In order to prevent the migration of human capital of sports in the country, each of the mentioned factors must be considered; Also, the results of the fitness tests confirmed the proper fit of the final model of the factors affecting the migration of Iran's elite athletes.