تبيين مباني وجودشناختي، جايگاه تكويني و آثار حقيقت محمّديه در حكمت متعاليه

An Explanation of the Ontological Principles, Genetic Place, and Effects of Mohammedan Truth in the Transcendent Philosophy

مسئله صدور عقل اول بعنوان نخستين مخلوق بيواسطه حق تعالي، يكي از مسائل مهم حكمت اسلامي است. عقل يا صادر اول در حكمت متعاليه، ذات و روح متعالي نبي اكرم(ص) يا همان «حقيقت محمّديه است كه با شواهد نقلي و قواعد عقلي تأييد ميشود. اين جُستار با روش توصيفي ـ ‌تحليلي، ضمن بيان معنا و مصداق حقيقت محمديه در حكمت و عرفان اسلامي، به تبيين مباني وجودشناختي اين نظريه در حكمت متعاليه ميپردازد. برخي از اين مباني فلسفي كه فهم و تبيين حقيقت محمّدي(ص) مبتني بر آنهاست، عبارتند از: اصالت وجود، قاعده الواحد، قاعده امكان اشرف، بساطت وجود يا قاعده بسيط الحقيقه و اصل انبساط و سريان وجود. سرانجام با تكيه بر آثار ملاصدرا به تبيين جايگاه تكويني حقيقت محمديه در نظام هستي پرداخته‌ايم و برخي از مهمترين آثار و بركات وجودي اين حقيقت متعالي ـ ‌همچون وساطت در فيض و رحمت الهي، حفظ اساس و نظام عالم، هدايت به صراط مستقيم و وصول به سعادت، و وساطت در تقرّب و شفاعت‌ ـ را بيان مي كنيم.

The emanation of the First Intellect as the first thing which was created without an intermediary by Almighty Truth is one of the important problems in Islamic philosophy. The First Intellect or the First Emanated in the Transcendent Philosophy is the essence and transcendent spirit of the Holy Prophet (s) or the same “Mohammedan truth”, which is confirmed based on transmitted proofs and rational principles. Following a descriptive-analytic method, this paper explains the ontological bases of this theory in the Transcendent Philosophy while clarifying its meaning and referents in Islamic philosophy and gnosis. Some of the philosophical fundamental principles upon which the understanding and explanation of Mohammedan truth depends include the principiality of existence, the principle of the One, the principle of the noblest possibility, simplicity of existence or the principle of simple truth, and the principle of the simplicity and diffusion of existence. In the final section of this paper, based on Mulla Sadra’s works, the writers have dealt with the genetic place of Mohammedan truth in the system of being and elaborated on some of the most important effects and ontological blessings of this transcendent truth, such as mediation in divine blessing and mercy, maintaining the basis and order of the world, providing guidance towards the right path and attainment of happiness, and gaining proximity to God and benefitting from His intercession.