بررسي فرصت ها و چالش هاي آموزش هاي آن لاين در تربيت منش دانشجويان با تأكيد بر رويكرد سازه گرايي اجتماعي

A Study Opportunities and Challenges of Online Educations in Character Education Of Students With an Emphasis on Social Constructivism Approach

ﻫﺪف: ﻓﻨﺎوري آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ دارا ﺑﻮدن وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﻏﯿﺮﺣﻀﻮري ﺑﻮدن، داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﻮدن، ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد و ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از اﻓﺮاد و ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ اﺑﺰاري ﺧﻨﺜﯽ و ﺑﯽ ﻃﺮف ﻧﺒﻮده و در ﺣﻮزة ﭘﺮورش ﻣﻨﺶ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﻧﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺶ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺳﺎزه ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮد. روش : اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﺟﻨﺲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و از ﻧﻮع اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﯽ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. روش ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي- اﺳﻨﺎدي اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ در ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺶ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، آزادي آﮐﺎدﻣﯿﮏ، ﻣﻨﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ، ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ و ﭘﺮورش ﺗﻔﮑﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎدي اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي آن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻋﺪم ﺻﺪاﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ )اَﺷﮑﺎل ﻋﻤﺪة آن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮﯾﺐ ﮐﺎري، ﺳﺮﻗﺖ ادﺑﯽ، ﺳﻮء اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻨﺎوري و اراﺋﮥ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ اﺳﺖ(، ﻧﻘﺾ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ و ﻋﺪم رﻋﺎﯾﺖ ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﮐﭙﯽ راﯾﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ رﺷﺪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺳﺮﯾﻊ آن در آﻣﻮزش ﻋﺎﻟﯽ ﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ در آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻓﻘﺪان ارﺗﺒﺎط واﻗﻌﯽ و اﻟﮕﻮﮔﯿﺮي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮ از اﺳﺘﺎد، ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ زﻣﯿﻨﮥ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺶ ﭼﻨﺪان ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺧﻼء را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺗﺮ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮي، اﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻓﻨﺎوري ﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ رﺳﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﮐﺪﻫﺎي اﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﭘﺮ ﮐﺮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﻢ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ اﺳﺘﺎد- داﻧﺸﺠﻮ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎي آن ﻻﯾﻦ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﺪ.

Purpose: Online educations technology with having unique features such as flexibility, non-attendance, student-centered, independent learning based on talent and interest attracted the attention of many individuals and social groups. But online educations has not been means of neutral and Impartial and in the field of character education of students observer of opportunities and challenges. So, the goal of this research was to study opportunities and challenges of online educations in character education of students with an emphasis on social constructivism approach. Method: This study from qualitative research and of kind inductive and analytic philosophical. Information gathering method is library-documentary. Findings: The most important opportunities online educations on character education students include development of multicultural education, academic freedom, scientific character, expand educational coverage, creating interactive learning environments and fostering critical thinking. In front of, that challenges include student academic dishonesty (that major forms include collusion, deception, plagiarism, technology manipulation and misrepresentation of information), privacy violations and nonconformity with copyright law. Unique facilities and capabilities online educations cause growth and rapid expansion in higher education. But in online educations due to the lack of real communication and ethical modeling student from professor, despite some opportunities the field of character education does not provide much, But this vacuum can be filled with more Interacting learning environment, more use of multimedia technologies and compilation codes of ethics. also, Problem solving -based education and increasing conference student- professor can increase the educational effectiveness of online educations.