ﻣﻌﻠﻢ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ: ﻧﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽ ﺟﻮﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ داﻧﺶ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ

Scientist Teacher: Criticism to teacher knowledge

ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اي ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰ در ﮔﺮو ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷـﯽ آن ﮐﺸـﻮر اﺳـﺖ و آﻧﭽﻪ در ﻗﻠﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﺎي دارد، ﻣﻌﻠﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﻠﻢ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان واﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان داﻧﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ آﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰ اﻫﻤﯿـﺖ دارد اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﻠﻤـﺎن آﮔـﺎه ﺑـﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ و داﻧﺶ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ در ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي داﻧﺶ ﭘﺪاﮔﻮژي، داﻧﺶ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاﯾﯽ و داﻧﺶ ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ رﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ را در آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ. از دﯾﺪﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺗﺮ ﺟﺎي دو ﻧﻮع داﻧﺶ دﯾﮕﺮ در ﻣﯿﺎن داﻧﺶ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ ﺧـﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ و آن داﻧﺶ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و داﻧﺶ ﻓﺮاﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از داﻧﺶ زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ، آﮔـﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻌﻠـﻢ از ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕـﯽ ﺟﺎﻣﻌـﻪ ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺧـﺪﻣﺘﺶ اﺳـﺖ. ﻣﻨﻈـﻮر از داﻧـﺶ ﻓﺮاﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺮ اﻧﻮاع داﻧﺶ ﺧﻮد و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن ﻫﺎ ﻧﻈﺎرت ﮐﻨـﺪ و ﺑـﺮاي اﯾﺠـﺎد اﺻﻼح و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد آن اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﻻزم را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Progress of any society is dependent on the performance of its educational system and teacher is the heart of the educational system of each country. Teacher is between the educational system policies and students, So use of teachers with the understanding and knowledge is very important for any society. The teacher needs comprehensive knowledge. The necessary knowledge for teacher is in the areas of pedagogy knowledge, content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge for optimal performance in education. It seems that the two types of other knowledge is Necessary for teacher: context Knowledge and metacognition knowledge. Context Knowledge is the teacher awareness of history, sociology, politics, economic and culture about his society. This type of knowledge helps to teachers that have adequate control over their educational context. The metacognition knowledge is teacher awareness about his knowledge, monitoring and flexibility about it.