مقوله‌هاي واژ-نحوي اسم در بشاگردي جنوبي

Noun Inflectional Categries in South Bashagardi

ﺎوش در ﻧﻈﺎم اﺳﻢ ﺑﺸﺎﮔﺮدي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي واژ-ﻧﺤﻮي، اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ را از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ زﺑﺎنﻫﺎ و ﮔﻮﯾﺶﻫﺎي اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻣﯽﺳﺎزد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻮرد از ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي واژ-ﻧﺤﻮي اﺳﻢ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر، ﺟﻨﺲ دﺳﺘﻮري، ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮕﯽ، ﺣﺎﻟﺖ دﺳﺘﻮري و ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ را در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﺑﺎنﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮐﻨﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، ﭘﯿﮑﺮة زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻨﺎد و ﻧﯿﺎز ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﺿﺒﻂ ﮔﻔﺘﺎر آزاد، ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻔﺖ ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮر ﻣﺮد و ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﯾﺸﻮر زن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، ﻣﯿﺎنﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ، ﺑﯽﺳﻮاد/ ﮐﻢﺳﻮاد و در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﯾﺶ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي واژ-ﻧﺤﻮي در ﺑﺸﺎﮔﺮدي، ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﻮة ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺘﺎي ﺧﻮد در ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر دارد ﮐﻪ اﻟﺒﺘﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب و ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮﯾﺸﺎوﻧﺪي آنﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪﻋﻼوه، ﺑﺸﺎﮔﺮدي ﺑﻪدﻟﯿﻞ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪﻓﺮد ﮔﻮﯾﺸﯽ، از راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﯽ وﯾﮋهاي ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺮه ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: 1. ﺑﻪﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪﻓﺮد ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻪﺳﺎز و ﻧﮑﺮهﺳﺎز؛ 2. ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي از ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ و واژهﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﮔﺬﺷﺘﮥ اﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺘﻌﺪي ؛ 3. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد واژهﺑﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﺠﺰا ﺑﺮاي زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ/ ﻏﯿﺮﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ؛ 4. ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﺻﻮرتﻫﺎي ﻓﻌﻞ /)bit(-en/ »داﺷﺘﻦ« ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ )در ﻫﻤﮥ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎ( ﺑﺮاي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺎﻟﮑﯿﺖ.

An investigation of the noun system in South Bashagardi reveals that the manifestation of its morpho-syntactic categories distinguishes this dialect from other Iranian dialects and languages. Accordingly, the present research tries to linguistically investigate and describe five nominal morpho-syntactic categories of this dialect including number, gender, definiteness, case, and possession. Accordingly, the research data were collected by fieldwork method and recording the free speech, filling questionnaires and interviewing seven male and five female middle-aged and illiterate/under-educated native speakers in the natural environment of language use. Research findings show that the manifestation of investigated nominal morpho-syntactic categories in Bashagardi has a fundamental similarity with the corresponding categories in standard reflecting their familial kinship. Moreover and as a result of having dialectal peculiarities, Bashagardi utilizes certain linguistic strategies to that aim, the most important of which are: using peculiar definite and indefinite markers, exploiting a split-ergative case-marking system and agent cilitics in the past tense system of transitive verbs, employing distinct object pronominal clitics for past and non-past tenses, and utilizing different verbal forms of “bit-en” “to have” (in all tenses) along with split-ergative structure to represent possession.