مستندسازي كالبدي و كاركردي خانۀ تاريخي الفت

Physical and Functional Documentation of the Historical Olfat House

ميراث معماري مسكوني ايران از تنوع و كثرت بيش تري نسبت به ساير گونه هاي معماري برخوردار است. توسعه مدرن شهرهاي تاريخي باعث تخريب و تغييراتي در كالبد خانه هاي تاريخي شده است. خانه هاي ديروز به مثابه دانه‌هاي ارزشمندي كه در گذشته نقاط هويت آفرين بافت هاي تاريخي بوده اند و ارزش هاي فراوان در ابعاد كالبدي و فراكالبدي دارند، امروزه نه تنها به دست فراموشي سپرده شده اند، بلكه گاهي به نقاط بحران آفرين محله تبديل شده اند. تبعات اين بي توجهي به بافت هاي تاريخي، خدشه دار شدن هويت تاريخي و فرهنگي آن ها است. از جمله نابهنجارترين رفتارها براي تخريب ميراث مسكوني اصفهان، ايجاد آتش سوزي عمدي در اين ابنيه است. خانه الفت يكي از گونه هاي معماري مسكوني ايراني است كه با وجود ارزش هاي كالبدي، داراي شناسه هاي فراكالبدي بي نظيري بوده است. خانه اي كه در گذشته يكي از نشانه‌ هاي فرهنگي محله حسن آباد بود، امروز به ناامن ترين جزء محله تبديل شده است و اهالي محله براي بازگرداندن آرامش و حس امنيت به تخريب اين ميراث باارزش دست مي زنند. اين پژوهش در پي پاسخگويي به چگونگي ساختار كالبد و كاركرد خانه الفت به منظور مستندسازي آن بر اساس مصاحبه هاي شفاهي و آرشيوهاي شخصي و دولتي است. اهداف اصلي پژوهش در راستاي پاسخگويي به پرسش كليدي به اين قرار است كه با تحليل ويژگي هاي كالبدي و كاركردي خانه الفت بتوان به مستندسازي علمي اين بنا در راستاي تبيين ارزش هاي اين خانه به عنوان نمونه اي از ميراث مسكوني تخريب شده شهر اصفهان پرداخت. اين پژوهش با روش توصيفي تحليلي و با اهداف توسعه اي و با بهره گيري از اسناد كتابخانه‌ه اي، مطالعات ميداني و مصاحبه انجام شده و يافته ‌ها طبق روشي كيفي و از طريق مقايسه و تفسير تحليل شده اند. نتيجه پژوهش بيانگر آشكار شدن ارزش ‌هاي كالبدي و كاركردي خانه (با مطالعه اسناد تاريخي) در مقايسه با برخي از خانه هاي تاريخي هم دوره آن در بافت تاريخي محله حسن آباد اصفهان است.

The architecture of residential spaces in Isfahan has put forward treasured examples to the world of art and architecture through history. House is one of the most important forms of the social organization of space in which numerous factors have been influential in its construction just like many other human-made complexes. Due to the changes in the recent century, historical houses are severely vulnerable to destruction, especially where houses constitute a significant part of the historical fabric of historical cities in Iran, including Isfahan. Modern development is one of the key factors in the destruction of and changes in the physical appearance of historical houses. They functioned as the identity-making element of the historical fabrics. Albeit they enjoyed many values including physical, functional and expressive aspects, they have been forgotten at present and sometimes become a crisis for a neighborhood. The result of disregarding the historical fabrics is to dishonor their historical and cultural identity. One of the worst destructions of the residential heritage of Isfahan is purposeful setting fire to such houses. After the demise of Allāmeh Olfat, his home has witnessed many damages and challenges. This house is one of the types of the Iranian residential architecture that in addition to physical values, enjoy unrivalled expressive and trans-physical indexes. This house was one of the cultural markers of Hassanabad neighborhood in the past, but it has become the least secure spot of the community at the moment. To achieve peace and security, the residents of the area endeavor to destroy this valuable heritage. Its destruction led in the disappearance of the dwelling pattern and its relevant culture. This research tries to explain the physical structure and function of Olfat House for documentation based on oral interviews, private and governmental archives. The main goal for answering the critical question is to provide scientific documentation of the structure by analyzing its physical and functional characteristics to clarify its values as an example of destroyed residential heritage of Isfahan. To carry out the project descriptive-analytical method has been employed aiming at the development and utilizing library sources, photos, maps, field studies, observation and interview. The collected data has been analyzed through a qualitative method by comparison and interpretation. The results reveal the physical and functional values of the house though studying the historical documents and comparing them with several contemporaneous historic houses in the same neighborhood. The Olfat House was of rare houses in the Qajar period which were equipped with a garden and bathroom.Moreover, there existed a unique system of connections among a number of the relatives’ houses through dead-end alleys and private passages. The life in the said house was in concert with Allāmeh Olfat’s extensive activities. His activities in the field of culture and sometimes production such as rose water production reveal the trans-residential functions in the house.