كليدواژه :
توسعه پايدار , مكان‌يابي , سكونتگاههاي جديد , نرم افزار ARC GIS , مدل AHP
چكيده فارسي :
ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي- ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ و... از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ارﮐﺎن اﺳﺎﺳﯽ دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ، اﺑﺰاري ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺷﺘﺎب ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. اﻣﺮوزه ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮتﻫﺎي روز اﻓﺰون روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش و ﺑﺰرگﺗﺮ ﺷﺪن ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آﻣﺪن ﻗﻄﺐﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﻧﺎﻋﺪاﻟﺘﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﺧﻮردﮔﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ و ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﻣﮑﺎنﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ آورد. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﻣﮑﺎنﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ را ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮده و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ را ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ رواﺑﻂ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺷﻬﺮ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺷﯿﺮاز ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﺪوده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺎﺑﯽ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪوده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺑﻪ 5 دﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از: ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎر اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي- ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺗﺎﺳﯿﺴﺎت و ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰات ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ و ﺣﻤﻞوﻧﻘﻞ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻈﺮات ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎن، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﻣﺘﯿﺎزدﻫﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ )AHP( وزندﻫﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ARC GIS ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Planning for the development of human settlement from different perspectives, such as economic, social, cultural and spatial, is one of the most important issues in achieving sustainable development. Not giving enough attention to this issue has resulted in imbalanced growth in developing countries.
The fast pace of migration from rural to urban areas has resulted in massive urban growth and polarized development, economic instability, social inequity, and consequently a chaos in human and natural environment. There are several strategies to lower the rate of migration from rural to urban areas, such as developing suitable village settlements replacing improper villages, and locating new villages so that sustainable development could be achievable. Two-fifth of Iranian population are living in settlements. Therefore, it is very critical to find a proper place for new human settlement in order to improve their access to substantial services and facilitate regional development. In this study, with regard to sustainable development approach and empowering the relationship between rural and urban areas, city of Shiraz and its surrounding settlement were selected as the study area. According to available literature several criteria for good settlement were attained and then evaluated based on interviews with professional experts. To facilitate the comparison, these criteria of site selection for establishing new villages were categorized in 5 groups, namely: natural environment, socio-economic, spatial, infrastructure, transportation network. The detailed explanation of each factors was explained in the body of this paper. Then, in order to compare them, each criterion received a score which is resulted from using AHP waiting model and Arc GIS software. Finally, all the information has been analyzed and resulted in recognition of the effective factors in site selection for new villages and the importance of each factor were distinguished for the sake of decision making about weather a proposed location is a suitable and unsuitable areas for establishment of new settlements. Results of this study indicated that according to available studies and professional expert views, qualities of natural environment specifically vegetation and topography were the most important indicators, while as long as the proper road network was available, the distance was the least important indicator for settlement site selection. It should be noted that this study in more about top-down perspective and could prepare the ground for more detailed comparisons that could be done when there are more data available of the economic profitability of settlement and satisfaction of their residence. Combining multi aspect viewpoints will definitely result in more comprehensive decision-making process which is an absolute need for sustainable development of our country.
