بررسي موانع پذيرش و به كارگيري فناوري اطلاعات و ارتباطات در مدارس ابتدايي

The study of Barriers to the Adoption and Application of Information and Communication Technology in Elementary Schools

ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت در ﻣﺪارس اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ را ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن دوره اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﻣﺪارس دوﻟﺘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 97-96 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺗﻌﺪاد 280 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ICT اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. رواﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از CVRﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0,90 و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0/90 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داده ﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آزﻣﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﮐﺘﺸﺎﻓﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻧﮕﯿﺰﺷﯽ، ﻣﻬﺎرﺗﯽ، زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺗﺠﻬﯿﺰاﺗﯽ- ﻓﻨﯽ، ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ از دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻓﻨﺎوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در آﻣﻮزش و ﭘﺮورش ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ، ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ و ﯾﮏ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﺳﺎزي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در ﺧﺼﻮص اﺳﺘﻘﺮار آن در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﺮﻃﺮف ﮐﺮدن ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد از ﺳﻮي ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎن اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ورزﯾﺪ.

The purpose of this research was to study of barriers to the adoption and application of ICT in primary schools from the viewpoint of teachers in Babol. The statistical population of this study was primary school teachers in public schools in Babol city in the academic year 96-97. Using systematic random sampling 280 persons were selected as sample. A researcher made questionnaire (Barriers to adoption and use of ICT) was used to collect data. The Content validity using CVR is 0.90 and the reliability coefficient of the questionnaire was also obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.90. SPSS software and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the priority of motivational, skill, educational and cultural infrastructure barriers from the viewpoint of teachers in Babol is the barriers to the adoption of ICT. In addition, barriers to the application of ICT are considered as the priority of barriers of technical equipment, attitudes, educational barriers and human barriers from the viewpoint of teachers in Babol is the barriers to the application of ICT. Information technology in the education is a culture, a program and an educational process that requires cultural foundation and the transfer of information technology culture. Accordingly, the educational system should be addressed by addressing barriers to admission and application by teachers as an important element in the educational system.