ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه آب آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻨﺎم، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن

Economical evaluation of single irrigation and the water irrigation cost determination of rainfed wheat in Honam, Lorestan province

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮآورد ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ، ارزش ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ و ﺳﻮد ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪاي و ﺑﺎزده ﻓﺮوش ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻏﯿﺮاﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺷﺪه آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ1389 و 1387 در ﺳﻄﺢ زارﻋﯿﻦ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻫﻨﺎم ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻟﺸﺘﺮ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ )ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه( و ﺑﻬﺎره و ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ دو ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم )ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﺑﺪون دﯾﺴﮏ و ﮐﺎﺷﺖ دﺳﺘﯽ( و ﺑﺮﺗﺮ زراﻋﯽ )ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﻫﻤﺮاه دﯾﺴﮏ و ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺬرﮐﺎر( ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻓﻦ ﺑﻮدﺟﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﺟﺰﯾﯽ و روشﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ )ﻓﺮﻣﻮلﻫﺎي ﺳﺮي ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ( اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻮد ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ زراﻋﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ، ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰه و ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻬﺎره ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 30/6، 103 و 76/5% ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه اﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ زراﻋﯽ و ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻪ ازاي ﯾﮏ رﯾﺎل ﻓﺮوش، ﺳﻮد ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ 74% ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮلﻫﺎي ﺳﺮي ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ، ارزش ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺖ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري در آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻞ 15 و 25% ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 42/5 و 67/5 ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎرد رﯾﺎل ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ آب آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮخ ﺗﻨﺰﯾﻞ 15 و 25% ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 213 و 338 رﯾﺎل ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ زراﻋﯽ، ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري در زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول و ﺗﮏآﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﻬﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ دوم ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The purpose of this study was to estimate cost, gross income and net benefit of different treatments in rainfed wheat production, also determining of cost ratio and sale return, selecting of the best agronomic management and determine of cost price of water irrigation. Treatments were including two agronomic managements traditional (tillage without disk and plat, planting with hand) and advanced managements (tillage with disk and plat, planting with seeder), with different levels of single irrigation (rainfed, single irrigation at planting time and single irrigation at spring time). Field experiments carried out by sample farmers on rainfed wheat at Honam selected site in Aleshtar region of Lorestan province) during two years (2008 and 2010). Data were analyzed by Partial Budgeting Technique (PBT) and economic engineering methods (formulation of a uniform series). Net benefit in advanced management under rainfed, single irrigation at planting time and spring time were estimated 30.6%, 103% and 76.5% more than traditional management. Advanced management had more effectiveness. In this management, Sale return was estimated 74%. The Cost Prices of irrigation water were estimated 213 and 338.1 Rials per cubic meters with discount rates 15% and 25%, respectively. Finally, at Honam site, recommended management is including: The first, advanced management until planting single irrigation, the second, advanced management until spring single irrigation.