بهبود جوانه‌زني، رشد اوليه و شاخص‌هاي دارويي بارهنگ سرنيزه‌اي (Plantago lanceolata) با پيش‌تيمار فيزيكي بذر

Improvement of initial growth and medicinal indices of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) by physical seed primmimg

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺆﺛﺮه ﺑﺎرﻫﻨﮓ ﺳـﺮﻧﯿﺰه اي ﺳـ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي در ﺳﺎل زراﻋـﯽ 1393 در داﻧﺸـﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ واﺣـﺪﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻣﻮاج ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت، ﻟﯿﺰر، ﻣﯿﺪان ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ، اﺷـﻌﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﮔﺎﻣـﺎ ﺑﺘﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﯽ در ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي 10 ،5 و 15 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ روي ﺑﺬور ﺧﯿﺲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑـﺬرﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ اﻣﻮاج ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪتﻫﺎي 5 و 10 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ، ﺑﻌﺪ از 11 روز ﺳـﺒﺰ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. در ﺣـﺎﻟﯽ ﮐـ ﻗﻮع اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي اوﻟﺘﺮاﺳﻮﻧﯿﮏ و ﻟﯿﺰر ﺑﻌﺪ از 13/2 روز اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎد. روش ﻫﺎي ﭘـﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤـﺎر در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي 50% ﺳﺒﺰ ﮐﺮدن و ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ زﻣﺎن ﺑـﺮاي ﺳـﺒﺰ ﮐـﺮدن ﺑـﺬر ﺘﺞ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ درﺻﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺒﺰ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪدﻧﺒﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪان ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ و اﻣﻮاج ﻓﺮاﺻﻮت 73/7% ﺑﻮد، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ اﺷﻌﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﺎ و ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ 58/7% ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣـﺪت زﻣﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﺬر در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﯿﺪان ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻨﯿـﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽـﻪ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ داري داﺷـﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺬور در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻣﯿﺪانﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و اﻣﻮاج اوﻟﺘﺮاﺳﻮﻧﯿﮏ و ﻟﯿﺰر ﺣـﺪود 8/5 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار داﺷﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮرم داﻧﻪ از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 0/77 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘـﺮ در ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺷﻌﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺘﺎ و ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ 1/47 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺪانﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐـﺮد. ﻧﻘﺶ درﺻـﺪ ﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺒﺰ ﮐﺮدن و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ در ﺑﯿﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1/8 و 1/7 ﺑﺮاﺑـﺮ ﻧﻘـﺶ زﻣﺎن ﺗﺎ 50% ﺳﺒﺰ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻮد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، در ﺑﺎرﻫﻨـﮓ ﺳـﺮﻧﯿﺰه اي ﺑـﺎ ﻗـﺮار دادن ﺑـﺬور در ﻣﻌـﺮض اﻣـﻮاج ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﯿﺴﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﻗﻮي و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻣﺎده ﻣﻮﺛﺮه ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ كرد

In order to evaluation of effect of physical treatments on growth and effective ingredients of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) laboratory, green house and field experiments were performed in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran during 2014 in three replications. Treatments were ultrasonic wave, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 5, 10 and 15 minutes on wetted seeds included control. Seeds under magnetic field for 5 and 10 min. germinated after 11 days, while seeds under ultrasonication and laser treatments germinated after 13.2 days. Treatments studied lead to significant decrease in time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling and mean emergence time compared to the control. Final emergence percentage in seeds under magnetic field and ultrasonic wave were 73.7%, but only 58.7% from seeds treated under gamma and beta irradiations. With increasing of exposure time of magnetic field seedling vigor index reduced significant. Seed yield in those seeds under magnetic field increased 8.5 g m-2 compared to mean of control, ultrasonic wave and laser. Seed turgidity index ranged from 0.77 mL in gamma and beta irradiations up to 1.47 mL in magnetic field treatments. Regression analysis revealed that the role of final emergence percentage and seedling vigor index in seed yield explanation were 1.8 and 1.7 times greater than time to taken to 50% of emergence of seedling, respectively. In ribwort plantain with treatment of seeds under magnetic field farmers could improve seedling vigor and increase yield and effective ingredients.