ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم

Investigation the effects of low temperature on some traits of durum wheat landraces

ﺗﻌﺪاد 64 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ از ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ژن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ در در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي اردﺑﯿﻞ )آﻻروق( در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح آﮔﻤﻨﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ و ﺗﯿﭗ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﯾﮏ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ )3591( ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ و ﻫﻔﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ )2358، 4084، 3649، 1417، 1546، 3653 و 116( ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﻨﺠﻪ )44/5 درﺻﺪ( و وزن داﻧﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ )34/69 درﺻﺪ( داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﺻﻔﺖ روز ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪن ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )0/69 درﺻﺪ( داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ، ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ اول، 70/19 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات را ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ اول ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت وزن داﻧﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﻃﻮل دوره ﭘﺮﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﺎهﺗﺮ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ داﺷﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ 3591، داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار از ﻧﻈﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﺑﻪ روش K means، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮوه از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﭼﻬﺎرم داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ، وزن داﻧﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﭽﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ در ﮔﻨﺪم دوروم ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.

A total of 64 local accessions from durum collection of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran were assessed for tolerance to low temperature. The accessions were evaluated in research field of Ardebil under an augmented design through measuring agronomical traits along with their reaction type to low temperature. The results of analysis identified one accession (3591) as tolerant and seven accessions (2358, 4084, 3649, 1417, 1546, 3653 and 116) as moderately tolerant. The traits number of tillers (44.5%) and grain weight of five spikes (34.69%) had the highest and days to full maturity (0.69%) showed the lowest coefficient of variations. The results of principal components indicated that the first five components comprised 70.19% of the variation. The first component emphasized on higher grain weight of five spikes, number of grains per spike and number of spikelts per spike and longer grain filling period. The accession 3591 had the largest amount of this component. Cluster analysis through K means method classified the accessions into five groups. The fourth Group had the largest means for cold tolerance, grain weight of five spikes, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike and spike density. The superior landraces identified in this research can be utilized in breeding programs for improving cold tolerance in durum wheat.