اثر بقاياي علفكشهاي دومنظوره گندم بر خصوصيات ريختشناسي ريشه آفتابگردان

Effect of soil residues of wheat’s dual response herbicide on sunflower root morphology

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ و ﮐﻮد ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺎش، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﺎل 1393 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ وراﻣﯿﻦ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺼﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف و 2 و 4 ﺑﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻃﯽ دوره رﺷﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﮐﻮد ورﻣﯽﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ )ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف و 10 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و رﻗﻢ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ )ﭘﺮﺗﻮ و ﻻﯾﻦ اﻣﯿﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ (Vc6173B ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﺛﺮات اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ درﺗﯿﻤﺎر دوﺑﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺼﺮف ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و رﻗﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 1600، 1553 و 3/ 1573ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در اﺛﺮ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ، ﻣﺼﺮف ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و رﻗﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 6240، 5880 و 5880 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎن اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ در رﻗﻢ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 1720و6960 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ رﺷﺪ روﯾﺸﯽ و ﻣﺼﺮف ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب، رﺷﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮد.

Due to study the Effect of soil residues of wheat’s dual response herbicide on sunflower root morphology, an experiment was done in 2016 at, Islamic Azad university Sabzevar branch. Experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental factors were herbicide type Metsulfuron-methy +sulfosulfuron (Total commercial name) and Mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium +Diflufenican (Othello OD commercial name) and herbicide doses (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommended dose). The recommended amounts of Metsulfuron-methy +sulfosulfuron 40 g/ha and Mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium +Diflufenican were 1.6 L/ha. The result showed that herbicide type had significant affect on all traits. Othello OD had more damage on plant dry weight, root dry weight, root area, root volume, root length, root/shoot ratio and root special weight than Total whereas plant height was more affected by Total. Herbicide dose had significant affect on Stem height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root diameter, root volume, total root length, root specific weight. Increasing herbicide dose decreased all root morphological characteristics. Althoght 125% of recommended dose had the highest and 50% of recommended dose had the lowest negative effect on root morphology.