ﻧﻤﺎدﮔﺮايي ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻣﺎﻣﺖ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﯿﻌﻪ در ﻧﻘﻮش ﺗﺰييناﺗﯽ اﻣﺎمزاده روﺷﻦآﺑﺎد ﮔﺮﮔﺎن

Symbolism of Shia Imamat Concept on Decorative Patterns of Imamzadeh Roshan Abad of Gorgan

ﻧﻘﻮش ﻫﻨﺮ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ در ﻋﯿﻦ داراﺑﻮدن زيﺒﺎيﯽ ﺑﺼﺮي ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺰيﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ در ذات ﺧﻮد ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي دارﻧﺪ. ايﻦ ﻫﻨﺮ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺣﮑﻤﺖ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﺧﻮد در ﻧﻤﺎدﭘﺮدازي، اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت زيﺎدي دارد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮيﻦ آن ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ در آن ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﯿﻮان ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ديﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺣﻀﻮر اﻧﺪك ايﻦ ﻧﻘﻮش ﻫﺮ ﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺧﻮدﻧﻤﺎيﯽ يﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻤﺎدي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺷﺎره ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺧﺎﺻﯽ دارد. در ﺑﻨﺎي آراﻣﮕﺎﻫﯽ روﺷﻦآﺑﺎد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻘﻌﻪاي ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در ﮔﺮﮔﺎن اﺳﺖ، ﺣﻀﻮر ﺗﺼﺎويﺮ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﺎت ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪه و ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻧﻘﺶﻣﺎيﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺰيﯿﻨﯽ، ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎديﻦ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺎ داراي ﻧﻘﻮش اﻧﺘﺰاﻋﯽ در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﯽ دﻗﯿﻖ و ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺼﻠﺖﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ آن را ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮ ايﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻤﺎدﮔﺮايﯽ ﻧﻘﺶﻣﺎيﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺰيﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺣﮑﻤﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ايﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در آن از اﺑﺰار ﮔﺮدآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت اﺳﻨﺎدي و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎمﺷﺪه در ايﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﻇﻬﺎر داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻋﻘﺎيﺪ ﻋﺎرﻓﺎﻧﻪ و ﺷﯿﻌﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎيﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻣﺎﻣﺖ و راﻫﻨﻤﺎيﯽ و دﺳﺘﮕﯿﺮي اﺷﺎره ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ، در ﻧﻘﻮش ﻧﻤﺎدين ﺑﻨﺎي روﺷﻦآﺑﺎد ﭘﺮرﻧﮓﺗﺮيﻦ دﺳﺘﺎويﺰ ﺗﺰيﯿﻨﺎت ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ.

Islamic art patterns have both visual beauty and symbolic values. Islamic art with its sublime wisdom in its symbolization has lots of possibilities that the most important tool of it, is geometry, but between the Islamic decorative motifs, the animal patterns are less visible. It seems the little presence of this figure in among of Islamic decorative motifs shows symbolism trend that points to special concept. In Roshan Abad building, figures like fish and bird attract attention and it seems are designed based on special concepts. Thus, in the present study, it is tried to study the symbolism of decorative motifs based on Islamic wisdom. This study is descriptive-historical research and qualitatively analyzes the research information, direct observations, as well as library research are also used for data gathering. According to the results of the present study, it seems reflection of Shia and mystical ideas as symbols that insinuate to concepts like pontificate and guidance, is the most voucher in decorations of Roshan Abad building.