سنجش سرزندگي صوتي در فضاهاي همگاني شهر (موردپژوهي: دروازه اصفهان، شيراز، ايران)

(Acoustic Vitality Evaluation in Urban Public Spaces (Case Study: Darvazeh Isfahan, Shiraz, Iran

اﻫﺪاف: ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ادراﮐﯽ ﺻﻮت در ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﯽ دروازه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﺷﯿﺮاز در دو ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ و ذﻫﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن و روشﻫﺎ: روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ويﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺻﺪا ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت، ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﺒﻮر ﺻﺪا اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻫﻨﯽ، از ﻃﺮيﻖ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺮاد ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﻓﻀﺎ در ﻃﯽ روز و در ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺻﺒﺢ، ﻇﻬﺮ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻓﺮآيﻨﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ از ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪﺷﺪه ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺻﻮت، زﻣﯿﻨﻪ درك ﺻﻮت و درﺟﻪ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاري ﺻﻮت ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﯽ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. يﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎيﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎ در ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻋﺪم ﺷﻔﺎﻓﯿﺖ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ در ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺻﺪاﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺎنزﻣﯿﻨﻪاي و ﭘﺲزﻣﯿﻨﻪاي اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮدي ﮐﻪ درﺟﻪ ﺷﻨﯿﺪاري ﺻﻮت در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ، در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎدي ﻗﺮار دارد، اﻣﺎ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻣﻮارد، ﺗﺮاز ﺷﺪت ﺻﻮت، ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻋﺒﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺻﺪا، در ﺷﺮايﻂ ﻋﺎدي ﻗﺮار دارد. در ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻫﻨﯽ، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ در ﻣﺪت ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻨﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺻﺒﺢ، ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﺷﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن، ﺻﺪاي ﮔﺎري، ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺳﯿﮑﻠﺖ، راهرﻓﺘﻦ و ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﻮ را ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺدادهاﻧﺪ. در ﻇﻬﺮ، ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﻫﺎي ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ذﮐﺮﺷﺪه، ﺻﺪاي ﻣﻮﺳﯿﻘﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﻨﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻇﻬﺮ، ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﻮﺗﻮرﺳﯿﮑﻠﺖ، ﺧﻮدرو و ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﻮي اﻓﺮاد، اﺻﻠﯽﺗﺮيﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﺻﻮﺗﯽ ﻓﻀﺎ ﺑﻮدهاﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻧﻬﺎد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﻋﯿﻨﯽ و ذﻫﻨﯽ، زيﺮﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮردﭘﮋوﻫﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ادراﮐﯽ ﺻﻮت ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ را ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﮑﺎنﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ادراﮐﯽ ﺻﻮت در زيﺮﻣﺤﺪودهﻫﺎي داراي ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ارايﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ايﻨﮑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ يﮏ ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ي در ﺷﯿﺮاز ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻧﺘﺎيﺞ آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ي را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺪويﻦ راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﺮزﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺻﻮﺗﯽ در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﯽ، ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Aims The present study aims to measure the perceptual quality of sound in the case study of “Darvazeh Isfahan” of Shiraz (a public urban space) in two objective and subjective dimensions. Participants & Methods The study method in objective analysis is using acoustic simulation software and measurement of five acoustic components and characteristics of sound including sound pressure level (SPL), sound clarity (C), and sound transmission index (STI). Mental dimension analysis was conducted through direct interviews with people in the space during the day, at three intervals in the morning, noon and afternoon. In the interview process, interviewees were asked to respond to the three components of voice information, voice perception, and auditory rating. Simultaneously, the audio content of the study area was recorded using a calibrated voice recorder. Findings The results of the analysis in objective dimension indicate the lack of space acoustic transparency in the contextual and background noise measurement components. Although the audio quality of the sound is normal at all three intervals, in some cases the sound intensity level is poor. The direct sound transmission index is in normal condition. On the subjective side, different audio content was heard over three intervals. In the morning, interviewees identified the buzzing, motorcycling, walking and talking. At noon, in addition to the audio content mentioned, the sound of music was also heard. In the afternoon, motorcycles, cars, and people’s conversations were the main audio content of the space. Conclusion Through overlaying the objective and subjective analysis, it has identified the subareas of the study space that have difficulty in perceiving the quality of sound. In summary, location-based urban design solutions for improving perceptual sound quality under problem areas are presented. Despite the fact that the present study might be restricted to a urban space in Shiraz, the findings could impart fruitful information for implicating appropriate acoustic vitality guidelines in urban public spaces.