■ اثر بقاياي علف‌كش‌هاي دومنظوره گندم بر خصوصيات ريخت‌شناسي ريشه آفتابگردان

Effect of soil residues of wheat’s dual response herbicide on sunflower root morphology

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺗﺎل و اﺗﻠﻠﻮاُدي، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در ﺳﺎل 1394 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ و در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺳﺒﺰوار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻧﻮع ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ )ﻣﺰوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﯾﺪوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ دﯾﻔﻠﻮﻓﻨﯿﮑﺎن ﻣﻔﻦ ﭘﺎﯾﺮ دي اﺗﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري اﺗﻠﻠﻮاُدي OD 8/5%( و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون 75% و ﻣﺖ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ 5% ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري ﺗﻮﺗﺎل WG 80%( و ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ )0، 50، 75، 100 و 125 درﺻﺪ دز ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪه( ﺑﻮد. ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪه ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﯾﺪوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرن ﻣﯿﺘﻞ+ ﻣﺰوﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرن ﻣﺘﯿﻞ+ دﯾﻔﻠﻮﻓﺘﯿﮑﺎن، 1/6 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪه ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون ﻣﺘﯿﻞ 40 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺣﺠﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎج و وزن وﯾﮋه رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮع ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد و ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ اﺗﻠﻠﻮاُدي ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺣﺠﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎج و وزن وﯾﮋه رﯾﺸﻪ وارد ﮐﺮد، درﺣﺎﻟﯽﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﺎﻗﻪ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮارداد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺑﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺣﺠﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎج و وزن وﯾﮋه رﯾﺸﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ، ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺧﺴﺎرت وارده ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻧﯿﺰ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 125 درﺻﺪي دز ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪه و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺧﺴﺎرت در ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 50 درﺻﺪي دز ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪه ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎد. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ رﯾﺸﻪ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ دارد ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻒﮐﺶ اﺗﻠﻠﻮاُدي ﺴﺎرت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺗﺎل داﺷﺖ.

Due to study the Effect of soil residues of wheat’s dual response herbicide on sunflower root morphology, an experiment was done in 2016 at, Islamic Azad university Sabzevar branch. Experiment was conducted as factorial arrangement based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental factors were herbicide type Metsulfuron-methy +sulfosulfuron (Total commercial name) and Mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium +Diflufenican (Othello OD commercial name) and herbicide doses (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of recommended dose). The recommended amounts of Metsulfuron-methy +sulfosulfuron 40 g/ha and Mesosulfuron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium +Diflufenican were 1.6 L/ha. The result showed that herbicide type had significant affect on all traits. Othello OD had more damage on plant dry weight, root dry weight, root area, root volume, root length, root/shoot ratio and root special weight than Total whereas plant height was more affected by Total. Herbicide dose had significant affect on Stem height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root diameter, root volume, total root length, root specific weight. Increasing herbicide dose decreased all root morphological characteristics. Althoght 125% of recommended dose had the highest and 50% of recommended dose had the lowest negative effect on root morphology.