ﻧﻘﺶ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ روان ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ

The Role of Emotion Regulation and Personality Traits as Predictors of Quality of Life and General Health in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ، از ﻋﻤﺪهﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺟﺪي ﺑﺎ آن ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ روان ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت ﻃﯿﻒ اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در ﺳﺎل 1396 در ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﻬﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 80 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻠﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻠﺎل ﻃﯿﻒ اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮم ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻧﺌﻮ، ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ )GHQ(، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﮔﺮاس و ﺟﺎن و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ )WHO-QOL( را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار -SPSS 23 ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و از روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن، ﺳﺮﮐﻮﺑﯽ و از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ، ﺑﺮونﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و روانﻧﮋﻧﺪي، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺎدران داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن و وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ در ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﺎدران داراي ﮐﻮدك اوﺗﯿﺴﻢ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ داري دارﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﺎﺗﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﻣﺎدران و ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺑﺮونﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ارﺗﻘﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ و ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ.

Introduction: Low quality of life and high stress are the most frequently stated problems that faced by in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. This research aims to understand the role of emotion regulation and personality traits as predictors of quality of life and general health in a sample of mothers of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlation design. It was done in Tehran in 1396.Eighty mothers participated through convenient sampling. Mothers answered a questionnaire on Emotion Regulation Strategies, General Health, Five-Factor Inventory (brief form), Who-Quality of life. Data was analyzed by SPSS-23. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: Results show that the emotion regulation strategies as repression and personality traits like extroversion and neurosis predict general health and quality of life in mothers. Results were significant at the p = 0.05 level. Conclusion: Our results indicated the significant role of emotion regulation strategies and personality traits in general health and quality of life. Developing interventions in emotion regulation could be help to improve mother’s general health. Hence the design of studies in the field of setting up the excitement of mothers and strengthen positive personality characteristics, such as the extroversion can improve the quality of life and general health.