كليدواژه :
معماري كيچ , كيچ سبكي , كيچ الگويي , كيچ مصالح , جزئيات , معاصر
چكيده فارسي :
معماري كيچ، يكي از انواع آفت‌ها درحركت‌هاي خلاق به شمار مي‌رود كه شناختن آن و گونه شناسي اين نوع معماري و بازشناسي و ريشه‌يابي آن در معماري امروز، ما را به شناخت بهتري از خود و روش‌هايمان مي‌رساند. هدف از انجام اين پژوهش، تحليلي بر گونه شناسي «كيچ» در بناهاي معاصر ايران و شناسايي معيارها و مشخصه‌هاي اين معماري در ايران است. در اين راستا، 150 بنايي كه ازنظر مردم و مشاورين املاك، پروژههاي شاخص معماري قلمداد ميشدند، انتخاب‌شده و موردبررسي قرار گرفتند. با توجه به اين‌كه نما، بيرونيترين تظاهر معماري و بهترين وجه بنا براي آزمون شاخصههاي كيچ است، نماهاي اين بناها از سه جنبه ايده و شكل و جزييات مورد مقايسه با شاخصههاي «كيچ» قرار گرفتند. روش اين پژوهش، تئوري برخاسته از زمينه است. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه اين شاخصهها، در سه گونه «كيچ هاي» سبكي، الگويي، مصالح و جزييات قابل تبيين است.
چكيده لاتين :
The word of "Kitsch" is German in origin and previously had been translated into French as "art de pacotille )junk
art)" or "art tape-à-l’oil )garnish art)", but the original term has now become firmly established in all European
languages. The German word Kitsch has no equivalent in French. It refers to all genres of objects in bad taste of
artistically pretentious junk, popularizing commonplace forms through their mass-production, but it also applies
to literary, artistic or musical works which aim for easy effects )such as melodrama) and pomposity, and cultivate
sentimentality or mindless conformity.The term “kitsch”, which is often related to artistic disciplines, is very hard
to identify and describe. Definitions fluctuate from mass-produced everyday items to achievements of pop-art and
other self-aware implementations. Kitsch art may often contain palatable, pleasant and romantic themes and visuals
that few would find disagreeable, shocking or otherwise objectionable; it generally attempts to appeal to the human
condition and its natural standards of beauty on a superficial level. It may also be quaint or "quirky" without being
controversial.The notion of Kitsch first appeared in the nineteenth century and it is an international movement of
classical painters, founded in 1998 upon a philosophy proposed by Odd Nerdrum. It became the object of keen
attention when mass society—helped by increased leisure time—had at its disposal a “culture for the masses”
that, by its nature, seemed to threaten the very existence of authentic culture. Kitsch covers all different means of
expression once they abandon rigor in order to cater to a wider public. Kitsch architecture is one of the types of
pests in the creative movement that recognizing it and the typology of this type of architecture and recognizing
it. It's rooted in today's architecture, gives us a better understanding of ourselves and our ways and methods.A methodology of this research is qualitative and its method is Grounded theory includes "open coding and axial
coding. Grounded theory is a systematic methodology in the social sciences involving the construction of theories
through methodical gathering and analysis of data. It operates inductively, in contrast to the hypothetico-deductive
approach. A study using grounded theory is likely, to begin with, a question, or even just with the collection of
qualitative data. As researchers review the data collected, repeated ideas, concepts or elements become apparent,
and are tagged with codes, which have been extracted from the data.The purpose of this research is analyzing the
typology of "kitsch" in contemporary Iranian buildings and identify the criteria and characteristics of this form of
architecture in Iran. In this regard, 150 buildings which consultants by the people and real estate, were considered
as architectural projects, were selected and reviewed. All of The facades could be categorized based on three
aspects based on idea, shape, and details in relation to the concept of the Kitsch. The results of the research indicate
that these attributes can be explained in three types of kitsch: style-based Kitsch, pattern-based Kitsch, material
and detail- based Kitsch.
