دلايل ظهور كرونا ويروس جديد 2019 (SARS-CoV2): جهش طبيعي يا دستكاري ژنتيكي شده آزمايشگاهي-نقطه نظر

Reasons for the Creation of the New Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV2): Natural Mutation or Genetically Laboratory Manipulation-Point of View

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﺲ از ﻇﻬﻮر ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از وﯾﺮوس ﺳﺎرس- ﮐﻮو2 )SARS-CoV2(، دﻻﯾﻞ ﻇﻬﻮر اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮوس ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﯿﻦ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻞ ﺧﺒﺮي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻇﻬﻮر اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮوس، آﺧﺮﯾﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎد آن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: از ﺳﺎﯾﺖ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺧﺼﻮص ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 )LitCovid(، ﺗﺎ 22 ژوﻻي ﺑﯿﺶ از 34000 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻣﺎ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ در ﺧﺼﻮص دﻻﯾﻞ ﻇﻬﻮر اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮوس از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﯾﺎ دﺳﺘﮑﺎري ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻮدن آن در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ، ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮوري، ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ 15 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع، دﻻﯾﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻇﻬﻮر اﯾﻦ وﯾﺮوس ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻓﻨﺎوري ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﻌﮑﻮس اﺑﺰاري ﻗﺪرﺗﻤﻨﺪ در ﺟﻬﺖ دﺳﺘﻮرزيﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ وﯾﺮوسﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داروﻫﺎ و واﮐﺴﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖﻫﺎي وﯾﺮوﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ. وﻟﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس وﯾﺮوسﻫﺎي ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮐﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪاي از ﺧﻮد ﺑﺮوز دﻫﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎرس-ﮐﻮو2 داراي ﺗﺮادف ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي در وﺳﻂ ﮔﻠﯿﮑﻮﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ اﺳﭙﺎﯾﮏ )S( اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎوﯾﺮوسﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺖ ﻧﺪارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﺳﺎرس-ﮐﻮو2 و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺮوﻧﺎوﯾﺮوسﻫﺎ، ﻧﻮﭘﺪﯾﺪ و ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮر ﺑﻮدن آن ﺑﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و دﺳﺘﮑﺎري ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻮدن آن ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﺪاﻧﻪ ﺑﻮدن ﻇﻬﻮر آن، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮ دارد.

Following the emergence of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV2, the reasons for the emergence of the novel virus have been the subject of interest for molecular biology researchers and news agencies. This article attempted to emphasize all aspects of the emergence of this virus and discuss the latest information related to its development. Materials and Methods: From the main site for articles published on COVID-19 (LitCovid), more than 34000 articles have been published, until July 22. But there have been been no scientific discussion about the reasons for the emergence of the virus due to its natural origin or genetic manipulation in research laboratories. In this review study, by collecting and reviewing 15 articles related to this topic, the scientific reasons for the emergence of this virus is analyzed. Results: Reverse genetic technology is a powerful tool for genetic instructions and design of engineered viruses to produce effective drugs and vaccines against viral infections. But dangerous viruses may also be created in this way that exhibit unknown properties. Studies have shown that SARS-CoV2 has a unique sequence in the middle of the gene encoding glycoprotein Spike (S) that is not similar to other coronaviruses. Conclusion: Due to the specific features of SARS-CoV 2 and its comparison with other coronaviruses, its emergence and novel agents has been determined in the scientific community. For this, laboratory production and genetic manipulation are possible, but whether its occurrence is accidental or intentional requires further investigation.