بررسي نگرش دانشجويان تخصصي پزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي بابل نسبت به مرگ از روي ترحم

The Attitude of Medical Students of Babol University of Medical Sciences towards Euthanasia

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺣﻖ ﺣﯿﺎت اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﯿﻤﺎر و ﺑﺤﺚ درﺑﺎره ﻣﺮگ از روي ﺗﺮﺣﻢ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺆال اﯾﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ آﯾﺎ ﭘﺰﺷﮏ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻻﻋﻼج و ﺳﺨﺖ رﻧﺞ ﻣﯽﺑﺮد و اﻣﯿﺪي ﺑﻪ درﻣﺎﻧﺶ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد، از روي ﺗﺮﺣﻢ و ﺷﻔﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﺶ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن دﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﮕﺮش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮگ از روي ﺗﺮﺣﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ، 113 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن دوره ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ در ﺳﺎل ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ 97-1396 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ 20 ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻧﺎزي )AES( ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 18 و روش آﻣﺎري ﻣﺠﺬور ﮐﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد 35 ﻧﻔﺮ )31 درﺻﺪ( از ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﯾﺎن ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و 78 ﻧﻔﺮ )69 درﺻﺪ( ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻧﺎزي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه ﮐﻞ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻧﺎزي 4/58 ± 67/45 ﺑﻪدﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. آزﻣﻮن آﻣﺎري ﻣﺠﺬور ﮐﺎي ﻧﺸﺎن داد راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﮕﺮش ﻣﺮگ از روي ﺗﺮﺣﻢ و ﺳﻦ، ﺟﻨﺲ، دوره ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ و رﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ 0/05 ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد. اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد درﺻﺪ زﯾﺎدي از داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﻧﮕﺮﺷﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻧﺎزي دارﻧﺪ، وﻟﯽ ﺑﺎاﯾﻦﺣﺎل درﺻﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﻣﻮاﻓﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻣﺮگ از روي ﺗﺮﺣﻢ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و ﺷﺮﻋﯽ، ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در دورهﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي ﺷﻮد و در ﻃﺮحﻫﺎي آﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي آﻣﻮزش داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ در دورهﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎري ﺑﻪ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه اﺗﺎﻧﺎزي ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ بيشتري پرداخته شود.

Euthanasia is one of the important topics in the philosophy of bioethics, the right to life of a sick person. The question arises whether the doctor can end his life with compassion, based on the request of a patient who is suffering from a severe illness and does not have the hope of recovering. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitude of medical students of Babol University of Medical Sciences Towards Death from symopathy. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 113 medical students of Babol University of Medical Sciences from2017 to 2018 were studied. The obtained data in this study were collected in the questionnaire containing 20 questions on euthanasia (AES). Data were analyzed by Chisquare statistical method using SPSS 18 software. Results: The results of this study showed that 35 (31%) of the respondents had a positive attitude and 78 (69%) had a negative attitude toward euthanasia. The mean of total attitude to euthanasia was 67.45 ± 4.84. Chi-square test showed that the relationship between the attitude of death from sympathy and age, gender, specialized period and specialized fields was not significant at the significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a high percentage of medical students had a negative attitude toward euthanasia, but a significant percentage also agreed that this issue. Regarding the dignity of pious jurisprudential and religious law, it is suggested to be aware of this issue in medical students' education courses and to carefully plan euthanasia phenomena in future educational plans for medical and nursing students.