سرآغازِ تخصّصيِ طبِّ كودكان در ايرانِ قاجار با نگاهي به كتاب «اِحياءُ الأطفالِ مظفّري»

The skilled outset of pediatrics in Iran during Qajar Period A look on “Mozaffari's Pediatric Revival (Ehya-ol Atfal Mozaffari)”

سابقه و هدف: طب بر اساس داستان‌هاي كهن ايراني به پادشاهان اساطيري نسبت داده شد و بعد از ورود و نفوذ طب يوناني و اختلاط با طب سنتي ايراني و متقاعب آن با ورود اسلام تاليف كتاب‌هاي طبي آغاز گرديد و بعد يك دوران ثبات و استقرار طب ايراني مطرح بود تا عصر قاجار كه اوضاع نابسامان بهداشتي و شيوع بيماري‌هاي عفوني و پر تلافات طب جديد با تاسيس دارالفنون مطرح گرديد و حوزه‌هاي طبي گسترش يافت و يكي از مشهورترين پزشكان در عصر ناصري و مظفري با تاليف كتاب احياء الطفال مظفري بوسيله ميرزا علي همداني سهم شايسته‌اي در پيشرفت طب كودكان داشت كه در اين مقاله به معرفي آن اهتمام گرديد. مواد و روش‌ها: تحقيق به روش مطالعه كتابخانه‌اي انجام گرفت. كتاب ميرزا علي‌بن‌زين‌العابدين كه در سال 1314 تدوين گرديد و نيز كتاب‌ها و مقالات دوران قاجار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتيجه‌گيري: به‌نظر مي‌رسد كه تاليف كتاب حاصل آموزش‌هاي دكتر ميرزا علي همداني در دارالفنون و خارج از كشور بوده و بعلاوه مسائل پزشكي دوران قاجار و به‌ويژه مسائل و معضلات پزشكي در اطفال و اقدامات براي كاهش ضايعات و تلفات كودكان داشته باشد.

Background and Purpose: According to ancient Iranian stories, medicine is attributed to mythological kings; and after Greek medicine entrance and its integration with Iranian traditional medicine and consequently, with entrance of Islam, the compilation of medical books got started. After a period of stability and establishment, Iranian medicine was well-known. In Qajar time, with the chaotic health situations and widespread fatal infectious diseases, the new medicine came into world by establishment of Dar ul-Funun; medical domains became expanded and one of the most famous physicians of Naseri and Mozaffari era, Mirza Ali Hamedani, compiled the book “Mozaffarichr('39')s Pediatric Revival”. He had a great role in pediatric development and this article has tried to introduce his work. Methods and Materials: The present research has been done based on library study. Mirza Ali ibn Zayn al-Abidin’s book which was collected in 1935, and other books and articles of Qajar time were studied. Conclusion: it seems that the book is the product of Doctor Mirza Ali Hamedani’s teachings in Dar ul-Funun and abroad. Moreover, it includes medical issues of Qajar time and particularly medical problems and difficulties of children and measures to reduce their damages and casualties.