بررسي اثر عوامل محيطي بر خصوصيات آزمايشگاهي بذر پايه مادري تاج ريزي سياه (Solanum nigrum)

Effect of environmental factors on the in vitro properties of rootstock seeds Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)

علف هاي هرز پهن برگ از جمله گونه هاي مسئله ساز در بسياري از مزارع مي ­باشند. ويژگي­ هاي اكوفيزيولوژيكي اين گونه ها، ازجمله خصوصيات جوانه زني بذور و پاسخ آنها در شرايط محيطي متفاوت از اهميت خاصي برخوردار است. به منظور بررسي تاثير شرايط محيطي ناشي از اعمال رژيم هاي آبياري و تاريخ هاي مختلف كاشت بر ويژگي هاي جوانه زني بذور تاج ريزي در طي فصل رشد مطالعه اي در مزرعه و آزمايشگاه به صورت آزمايش فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در سال زراعي 89-1388 در پژوهشكده علوم گياهي دانشگاه فردوسي مشهد اجرا شد. فاكتور اول شامل سه تاريخ كاشت (2/4/1388، 2/5/1388، 2/6/1388) و فاكتور دوم سه رژيم آبياري (يك روز در ميان، دو روز در ميان و سه روز در ميان) بود. در بخش آزمايشگاهي؛ بذور گياهاني كه در مزرعه تحت تاثير تاريخ هاي كاشت و رژيم هاي مختلف بوده اند در قالب طرح كاملا تصادفي با سه تكرار به اجرا در آمد. نتايج نشان داد كه تمامي ويژگي هاي مورد بررسي از جمله خواب و دماي كاردينال بذور حاصل از آنها، تحت تاثير تيمارهاي آزمايشي قرار گرفتند. براساس نتايج حاصله، تاثير شرايط محيطي پايه مادري بر سرعت جوانه زني و درصد جوانه زني بذور حاصله معني دار بود. بطوري كه با افزايش تنش خشكي (كاهش دور آبياري) و تاخير تاريخ كاشت گياه مادري، ويژگي هاي جوانه زني بذور حاصل از آن، در اكثر تيمارهاي آزمايش نيز كاهش يافت.

Broadleaf weeds are problematic plant species in the most agricultural fields. Echo-physiological traits of weed species, such as characteristics of seeds germination and their responses to different environmental conditions are very important. In order to study the effect of environmental conditions on weed germination, a study was carried out at laboratory and farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The effect of irrigation regimes and sowing dates on weed specie Solanum nigrum L. were studied for two years during 2009-2010. Field experiment was designed as factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was three dates of planting (2009/6/23, 2009/7/24, 2009/8/24) and the second one included three irrigation regimes, alternative, every two days, every three days. Laboratory experiment was done in completely randomized design with three replications during 2010. Results showed that all of studied features, dormancy and cardinal temperatures were affected by experimental treatments. With increasing the interval between irrigations, germination characteristics of all studied species were decreased significantly. Of course, the reduction at the beginning stage of growing plant (15 days after growing) toward the end of growing season had gradually fewer effects. The results showed that the effect of environmental conditions were the most effective factor on speed of seed germination. Also, the percentage of seed germination was significant. Therefore, with increasing irrigation interval and delaying in planting date, seed germination characteristics decreased.