ماهيت و شاخص هاي حكمراني در نظام سياسي جمهوري اسلامي

The Nature and Indicators of Governance in the Political System of the Islamic Republic

انديشمندان حكمراني مطلوب در جايگاه يكي از شاخصهاي توسعه از ربع قرن آخر قرن بيستم توجه كردند و برنامۀ توسعۀ سازمان ملل متحد نيز سبكي را با عنوان حكمراني خوب مطرح نمود و براي آن شاخصهايي را تعيين كرد. برخي نويسندگان و صاحب‌‌‌‌نظران نيز از همين عنوان براي تبيين شاخصهاي حكمراني مطلوب در جمهوري اسلامي استفاده كرده‌‌‌‌اند، اما با توجه به مباني حقوق اساسي و فلسفۀ سياسي پذيرفته‌‌‌‌شده در جمهوري اسلامي، كه در قانون اساسي و ديدگاههاي امام خميني(ره) و مقام معظم رهبري موجود است، و تفاوت آن با مباني ليبراليستي برنامۀ توسعه، تعيين مدل حكمراني مطلوب جمهوري اسلامي و شاخصهاي آن مسئلهاي اساسي است. بنابراين پرسش چنين است كه حكمراني در جمهوري اسلامي چه ماهيت و شاخصهاي كلاني دارد؟ فرضيۀ اين مقاله چنين است كه حكمراني در جمهوري اسلامي مصلحانه است. در پاسخ به سؤال تحقيق و اثبات فرضيه، از روش تحقيق كيفي و پارادايم تفسيري و بهره‌‌برداري از مباني فلسفي از طريق فهم اين مباني و با استفاده از منابع اصلي جمهوري اسلامي، يعني آيات و روايات و همچنين قانون اساسي و ديدگاههاي امام خميني(ره) و رهبري معظم استفاد كرده، ضمن اثبات فرضيه خود، به اين نتيجه رسيديم كه حكمراني در جمهوري اسلامي برخي شاخصهاي مشترك با حكمراني خوب و برخي شاخصهاي اختصاصي دارد وضمناً بر دو ركن اساسي، امام و رهبري صالح و هدف اصلاحگري استوار است.

Good governance has been considered by the intellectuals as one of the indicators of development since the last quarter of the twentieth century, and the United Nations Development Program has introduced a style called “good governance” and set indicators for it. Some writers and intellectuals have also used the same title to explain the indicators of good governance in the Islamic Republic. (History) However, by paying heed to the principles of the constitutional law and political philosophy accepted in the Islamic Republic, which is contained in the constitution and the views of Imam Khomeini (r.a) and the Supreme Leader (may Allah protect him) and its differences with the liberal principles, the development plan for determining the optimal governance model of the Islamic Republic and its indicators is a fundamental issue. (elaborating the matter). Therefore, our question is: what is the nature and macro indicators of the governance in the Islamic Republic? The hypothesis of this article is that the governance in the Islamic Republic is “convenient”. (Hypothesis) In response to the question of the research and proving the hypothesis, the method of qualitative research and interpretive paradigm and exploitation of the philosophical principles by understanding these principles and using the main sources of the Islamic Republic, namely; the verses of the noble Qur’ān and the traditions (hadiths), as well as the constitution and the views of Imam Khomeini (r.a) and the Supreme Leader (may Allah protect him) has been employed. (research method) While proving our hypothesis, we came to the conclusion that the governance in the Islamic Republic has some common indicators with good governance and some specific indicators which are firmly based on the two basic pillars; the righteous leadership and the goal of reform. (Conclusion)