پوسيدگي زودرس دنداني و ارتباط آن با فاكتورهاي خطر اجتماعي- اقتصادي

Early childhood caries and its association with socio-economic risk factors

پوسيدگي زودرس دنداني(Early Childhood Caries, ECC) يكي از مشكلات شايع سلامتي است. اين تحقيق به منظور تعيين شيوع پوسيدگي هاي زودرس دنداني و بررسي ارتباط آن با فاكتورهاي خطر اجتماعي-اقتصادي در ميان كودكان زير 6 سال مهدهاي كودك شهر سمنان در سال 1397 انجام شد. مواد و روش ها در اين مطالعه مقطعي، 1332 كودك كم تر از شش سال از مهدهاي كودك شهر سمنان جهت بررسي وجود پوسيدگي هاي دنداني مورد معاينه قرار گرفتند. متغيرهايي نظير سن، جنس، شغل و ميزان تحصيلات والدين و سطح مهدكودك ثبت شدند. تعداد دندان هاي پوسيده، پرشده و خارج شده از كودكان نيز جهت تعيين dmft محاسبه شدند. يافته ها از 1332 ﮐﻮدك ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻌﺎﯾﻨﻪ، 61/1% داراي ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ زودرس دﻧﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﻦ )0/001< OR=2/21، 95% CI: 1/2-90/56 ،pو ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﺎدر )0/002=p( ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﺷﯿﻮع ﭘﻮﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ زودرس دﻧﺪاﻧﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ECC در ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان زﻧﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻪ دار 2/33 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ)0/02=p( و زﻧﺎن ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻏﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ 2/95 ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ )0/005=p( ﻓﺮزﻧﺪان زﻧﺎن ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. نتيجه گيري يافته ها نشان دهنده شيوع بالاي پوسيدگي زودرس دنداني در كودكان كم تر از شش سال شهر سمنان مي باشد. بنابراين بايد اقدامات لازم جهت افزايش سطح آگاهي مادران خانه دار بالاخص در مراقبت از فرزندان با سنين نزديك به مدرسه درباره نحوه مراقبت هاي بهداشتي و توجه به رژيم غذايي كودكان صورت پذيرد.

Early dental caries in childhood is one of the most prevalent health problems. This survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries and its contributing socio-economic factors among kindergarten children of Semnen, Iran. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, 1332 children under 6 years from Semnan kindergartens were selected by census and examined for dental caries using WHO criteria. Variables including age, gender, educational level and occupation of parents and the level of kindergarten were recorded in a checklist. Additionally, the number of decayed, filled or extracted teeth was also calculated to represent the dmft score. Results From 1332 studied children, 61.1% had early childhood caries (ECC). Variables including age (OR= 2.21 and 95%CI: 1.90-2.56, p<0.001)) and maternal career (p= 0.002) showed significant relationship with ECC. Moreover, the incidence of ECC was 2.33 and 2.95 times greater among children with housewife mothers and mothers having non-medical jobs, respectively than that of children with mothers having medical jobs. Conclusion The results indicated a high prevalence of early childhood caries among Semnan children. Therefore, particular emphasis should be placed on educational and interventional programs, especially for mothers of children specifically at preschool age regarding their health care procedures and diet.