Comparative Analyses of Tehran and Berlin Underground Urban Spaces Network with Emphasis on Identified Cognition Map and Historical Urban Landscape Case Studies: Tehran Berlin

The underground metro network consists of a set of pauses and movements spaces. Stations are paused spaces and tunnels are subway networks. At present, in some metropolitan areas, it seems that citizens are more familiar with the metro network map in order to reach their destination, and the zero-city level map of the city is not very tangible for them. It is possible to strengthen the perceptual power of subway users by indexing subway stations. Indexing of some stations can create a good cognitive-perceptual map in the mind of the citizen so that they can use the underground transportation network frequently and have a correct understanding of the zero space network of the city. Cognitive-perceptual map is a tool that shows the degree of ease of understanding of the city for each citizen. The historical landscape of each city, due to its identity, can create significant points in the mind of the citizen. This makes it possible to understand the spatial coordinates of the city despite the shift in the underground network. So far, only the cognitive-perceptual map of the city has been proposed in the literature of urban design. In this research, identity-cognitive map is mentioned as a new keyword in urban design vocabulary. In this way, the problem of lost sense of belonging and identity of the underground urban spaces can be solved to some extent.