مطالعه تنوع ژنتيكي موجود در ژنوتيپ‌هاي گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) از لحاظ برخي صفات مورفولوژيكي و زراعي

Study of genetic variation in safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in terms of some morphological and agronomic traits

مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعيين روابط ميان عملكرد بوته، اجزاء عملكرد و صفات مورفولوژيك و نيز شناخت دقيق صفات مؤثر بر عملكرد در 32 ژنوتيپ‌ گلرنگ، در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با سه تكرار در مزرعه پژوهشي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد كرج اجرا گرديد. صفات عملكرد بوته، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد شاخه فرعي، تعداد غوزه در بوته، وزن غوزه، زمان گلدهي، زمان رسيدگي، ارتفاع بوته و زمان گلدهي تا رسيدگي اندازه‌گيري و يادداشت برداري شدند. نتايج تجزيه واريانس مؤيد وجود تنوع از نظر كليه صفات مورد بررسي ميان تمامي ژنوتيپ‌هاي مورد مطالعه بود. ضرايب همبستگي ساده موجود ميان صفات نشان داد كه صفات وزن غوزه و تعداد غوزه در بوته به ترتيب با ضرايب همبستگي 85/0 و 61/0، در سطح احتمال 1 درصد رابطه مثبت و معني‌داري با عملكرد بوته داشتند. بر اساس نتايج تحليل رگرسيون گام به گام، صفات وزن غوزه و تعداد غوزه در بوته مجموعاً 60/75 درصد از تغييرات عملكرد بوته را تبيين كردند. نتايج تجزيه عليت نشان داد كه بيش‌ترين اثر مستقيم و مثبت مربوط به صفت وزن غوزه (104/1r=) مي‌باشد. تعداد غوزه در بوته بيش‌ترين اثر غير مستقيم (916/or=) را بر عملكرد بوته از طريق وزن غوزه داشت. بر مبناي نتايج حاصل از مطالعه حاضر مي‌توان اظهار نمود كه با اصلاح صفات وزن غوزه و تعداد غوزه در بوته امكان دست‌يابي به عملكرد دانه مطلوب و قابل توجه در ژنوتيپ‌هاي گلرنگ ميسر خواهد شد.

Oily seeds are one of the most important sources of energy and calories needed for human and animal nutrition. The aim of this study was to estimate the causal relationships between important agricultural and morphological traits with yield, the exact recognition of the most important traits affecting yield, the application of different methods on the data obtained from the experiment to study the complex structure and determine the relative importance of each of the studied traits in relation Finally, identification of the best genotype was carried out in terms of yield and related traits. In this study, 32 safflower genotypes in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch. Plant yield, 1000-seed weight, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, flowering time, seedling time, plant height and flowering time were measured and recorded. The results of variance analysis confirmed the diversity of all studied traits among all genotypes studied. The simple correlation coefficients among the traits showed that the weight of the boll and the number of bolls per plant had a positive and significant correlation with plant yield with correlation coefficients of 0.85 and 0.61 respectively at 1% probability level. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis, the weight of the boll weight and the number of bolls per plant were 75.60% of the variation in plant yield. The results of causal analysis indicated that the most direct and positive effects were related to the weight of the boll weight (1.104). The number of boll/bush had the most indirect effect (0.916) on plant yield through boll weights. Knowing the exact relationship between the traits (grain yield, yield components and agronomic traits) allows plant breeders to approach the desired result by choosing appropriate genotypes and using them in corrective programs. The present study was successful in identifying these relationships and yielded significant results in order to properly understand the effect and relationship between traits affecting yield and plant yield and identifying the best genotype in terms of yield and related traits. According to the results of this study, in order to increase the yield of plants in safflower, the number of boll / bushes and boll weights for indirect selection could be used, direct selection was in direct contrast with indirect selection, better selection in direct selection At first, the weight of the boll had the most effect on plant yield and the number of bolls per plant after it.