رايحه درماني و استفاده از آن در مامايي: مقالة مروري

Aromatherapy and its usage in midwifery: A narrative review article

ساﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﺭﺍﻳﺤﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻃﺐ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺍﺝ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻳﻲ، ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ، ﺩﻳﺴﻤﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ، ﻳﺎﺋﺴﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﺴﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ، ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱAromatherapy, Dysmenorrhea, Labor, Nausea and Vomiting, Pregnancy, Essential oil, Menopause, ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲScopus, PubMed, Google Scholar ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻳﺤﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ، ﺩﻳﺴﻤﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ،ﺗﻬﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ، ﻳﺎﺋﺴﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ، ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ 69 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ، ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺤﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥِ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺴﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﺓ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺧﻮﺩﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺯﺍﻳﻤﺎﻥ، ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺧﻮﺩﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻛﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﻨﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ، ﺷﻤﻌﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺧﻮﺩﻭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﮔﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺯﻧﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺋﺴﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﻟﻴﻤﻮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻬﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﺭﺍﻳﺤﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ، ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ، ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻲ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ،ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ.

Background and Purpose: Aromatherapy is one of the most common forms of complementary medicine that was used in ancient times for treatment and has become popular in recent years. It is widely used in gynecology and obstetrics diseases. Due to abundant use of essential oils in midwifery, this study reviews common essential oils and their effects in cases such as child birth, primary dysmenorrhea, menopause and some pregnancy problems. Materials and Methods: This study is a narrative review study. Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed databases and valid Persian articles without time limit were searched for related articles by using “Aromatherapy”, “Dysmenorrhea”, “Menopause”, “Essential oil”, “Pregnancy”, “Nausea and Vomiting”, “Labor” as keywords. Studies related to aromatherapy, essential oils and their use in pregnancy, primary dysmenorrhea, Pregnancy nausea and vomiting, menopause and childbirth were selected. Based on this criterion, 69 articles, all or part of which referred to these cases, were selected and reviewed. Results: Most studies have shown that aromatherapy is effective in resolving gynecological and obstetric problems. The essential oils studied in midwifery and childbirth includes lavender and chamomile in reducing labor pain, lavender and rosemary to reduce the symptoms of dysmenorrhea and geranium to reduce the depression of postmenopausal women. However, no significant association has been established between pregnancy nausea and aromatherapy. Conclusion: Aromatherapy is an inexpensive and practical intervention. Given the importance of pregnancy in health of a fetus, further studies are necessary on effective essential oil, its side effects, dosage and the usage pattern in midwifery.