شونيز

Shoneez

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﺷﻮﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺪﺍﻧﻪ، ﺣﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻮﻧﺠﻲ، ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﺎ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺳﻮﻡ، ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺳﻴﺎﻫ ﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻋﻠﻔﻲ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮔﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ، ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻧﮓ، ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﺵ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻄﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﻱ ﺗﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ، ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ،ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺎﺭﻣﺎﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺷﻮﻧﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎ، ﮔﻞ، ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺷﺮﺡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻃﻴﻒ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺵ، ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻲ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺳﻴﺎﻫﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺓ ﺁﻥ )ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻴﻤﻮﻛﻴﻨﻮﻥ( ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪﺩﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ، ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻗﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﻥ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻠﺴﺘﺮﻭﻝ، ﺿﺪﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ Nigella sativa L. ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ، ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﻲ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ.

Background and Purpose: “Shoneez” known as “Siyahdaneh”, “Habbato saudā” and “Kalonji”, is one of the most ancient known plants with hot and dry temperament at the third degree which is used for treatment of various diseases. Black seed is an herbaceous annual herb, and its flowering time is from late May to July. The seeds of this plant are black, triangular and fragrant. Their pleasant odor is smelled when they are crushed. The aim of this study was adaptation of the botanical descriptions of “Shoneez” according to Traditional Persian Medicine resources to the black seed according to modern literatures to specify its scientific name. Therapeutic and pharmacological effects were also explored. Materials and Methods: The characterization and properties of plants were extracted from Traditional Persian Medicine texts and also recent studies and were compared to each other. Results: There are similarities in botanical description of the plants’ leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. “Shoneez” has been used in a wide range of gastrointestinal, urinary, respiratory and skin diseases. Also, black seed is one of the most important plants in the world and extensive studies have been carried out regarding its efficacy and active ingredients (especially thymoquinone) on various diseases. Several effects including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, cholesterol-lowering, anti-tumor and positive effects on the function of the gastrointestinal and respiratory protective activity have been reported from the seeds. Conclusion: Reviewing the ancient and current literatures demonstrated that the scientific name of “Shoneez” is Nigella sativa L. and both traditional and conventional medicine suggests the effectiveness of black seed on respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.