آﺛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ

Botanical authored and translated works of seventh century A.H. in the territory of Islamic civilization

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﻋﻠﻢ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻠﻤـﺮﻭ ﺍﺳـﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻐﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺟﻨﮓ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻠﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺓ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺗﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ 61 ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ، 45 ﻣـﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﺴـﺨﺔ ﺧﻄـﻲ ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺁﺛـﺎﺭ ﻗﺒﻠـﻲ ﺍﻛﺘﻔـﺎ ﻧﻜـﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺩﺷـﺎﻥ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ.

Background and Purpose: Botanical science is one of the bases of pharmacy and pharmacology. Because of Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia and crusades, important social and political changes were happened in Islamic territory during 7th century A.H. However, few investigations were done on botanical works of this period of time. The aim of this study was to introduce these works. Methods and Materials: This library research was done by extracting botanical compilation and translation works from selected bibliographic resources. Results: The results showed that 61 botanical books and treaties were written in 7th century A.H. Among these works, only 45 of them have one or more physical manuscripts. Conclusion: In spite of social and political adversities, it seems that scientists of 7th century A.H. actively investigated on botanical topics which their activities were reflected in the number of botanical books and treaties written in this era. Historical evidences now show that most of these works are original.