ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ

Natural laundry detergents from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine

ﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻓﻮﺍﻳﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﺟﺪﻳـﺪﻱ ﺑـﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ، ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺠﺰﻳـﻪ ﻧﻤـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ. ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﺓ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ، ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺗـﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷـﺘﻲ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻲ ﺭﺷﺪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻪ، ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﺴﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫـﺎﻱ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻃـﺐ ﺳـﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ: ﺣﻜﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ، ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻛﻴﺰﮔﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻟّﺪ ﻗَﻠﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻗَﻠﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻـﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍُﺷﻨﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻍ؛ ﭼﻮﺑﻚ ﺍﺷﻨﺎﻥ، ﻛﻨﺪﺵ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺮﻭﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﻟﺬﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳـﮋﻩ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻳﺪ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ.

Background and Purpose: Despite the many benefits of chemical detergents, in recent years they are new sources of environmental pollution due to widespread use around the world. These compounds dissolve and distribute in water and also increase the cleaning ability of it, but they do not decompose easily in nature and pollute it. Before the production of soap and chemical detergent, plants, ashes and various natural materials were used as substitute of soaps and detergents and they had very little effect on the environment. Nowadays, fortunately, the tendency to use natural resources and medicinal plants in various industries including cosmetics industry has grown dramatically. Methods and Materials: This study introduces natural detergent mainly plant-based were used for washing of clothes, based on important Iranian traditional medicine references, such as the Canon of Ibn Sinachr('39'). Results: Iranian Traditional Medicine scientists have been introduced various natural materials as laundry detergents. Qoli or alkaline generating which are the primary basis of soap making process such as Oshnān (Seidlitzia rosmarinus ) and Tāq (Haloxylon Bge.). Chūbak (Acanthophyllum C. A. Meyer), Kondosh (Gypsophyilla strathium l.) and Satroniyon (Saponaria officinalis l.) that their roots have washing property. Conclusion: The identification of these plants, especially species that grows in Iran, can create a context for the research and manufacture eco-friendly detergents.