پديد آورندگان :
شائمي، اكبر دانشگاه پيام نور , نيك انديش، نسرين دانشگاه پيام نور - گروه جغرافيا , حسيني، مليحه دانشگاه پيام نور
كليدواژه :
استان قم , سرمايش , سرمايش , گرمايش , كشت گلخانه اي
چكيده فارسي :
با توجه به محدوديت منابع، يكي از مهمترين عوامل موثر در جهت مصرف بهينه انرژي در كشت گلخانه اي، توجه به شرايط اقليمي به ويژه دما در مكانيابي محل استقرار واحدهاي گلخانه است. از آنجايي كه هر محصول نياز به شرايط دمايي خاص دارد، مي توان با مكان يابي صحيح واحدهاي گلخانه بر اساس كشتهاي غالب در هر منطقه انرژي مصرفي را به طور قابل ملاحظه اي در اين صنعت كاهش داد و از هدر رفت مقادير زيادي انرژي و صرف هزينه هاي هنگفت جلوگيري كرد. در اين تحقيق براي نيل به اين هدف، داده هاي روزانه دماي 6 ايستگاه هواشناسي در سطح استان قم كه داراي اطلاعات كامل در دوره آماري 2015-2005 استفاده شد. در اين پژوهش جهت پهنه بندي نيازهاي فصلي و سالانه گرمايشي و سرمايشي استان ابتدا در محيط اكسل داده ها پردازش و معادله همبستگي بين نيازهاي فوق با ارتفاع تشكيل و سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي (GIS و بكارگيري لايه رقومي DEM محدوده مورد مطالعه، نقشههاي نيازهاي گرمايشي و سرمايشي ترسيم شد. نتايج اين پژوهش نشان ميدهد كه ميزان نياز انرژي براي مصارف سرمايش (CDD) و گرمايش (HDD) در فصول مختلف سال، تابع ارتفاع بوده و در نواحي كوهستاني غرب و جنوب استان ، ميزان نياز به گرمايش سالانه بيشتر بوده و با حركت به سمت شرق و شمال استان ، نياز سرمايشي افزايش مي يابد. در واقع الگوي زماني و مكاني نياز سرمايشي و گرمايشي از شرايط ارتفاعي منطقه تبعيت مي كند. كمترين درجات سرمايش سالانه به ترتيب در جنوب به مقدار (06/122) در ايستگاه وشنوه و بيشترين آن در ايستگاه كوه سفيد در شرق استان قم به مقدار (27/796) وجود دارد. همچنين بيشترين و كمترين نياز گرمايش سالانه در ايستگاه وشنوه و قم به ترتيب به مقدار (37/2782) و (55/1705) ديده مي شود. نتايج نشان داد كه به ازاي هر 100 متر افزايش ارتفاع ،ميزان نيازسرمايشي محيط گلخانه 62/50 درجه روز كاهش و مقدار ميزان نياز گرمايشي 52/84 درجه روز افزايش مي يابد. همچنين دوره سرمايش 4.8 روز كوتاهتر و دوره گرمايش 5.8 روز طولاني تر مي شود نتايج و دستاوردهاي اين تحقيق براي مكانيابي بهينه كشتهاي گلخانه در جهت توسعه پايدار حائز اهميت است.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Energy consumption monitoring plays a major role in the sustainable development and optimization of designing applications with the least energy consumption. One of the basic human problems is food supply. Countries can grow and develop, focusing on three principles of access to energy, attention to human resources and the provision of food. Because to the limited resources and energy in the future, attention to energy optimization is important. In Iran, taking into account dry condition and increase of demand for various productions , greenhouse crops have been booming. Considering the importance of supplying and managing energy consumption in greenhouse crops, consideration of optimal areas location is reduce energy consumption is account in applied planning. Therefore, in this research, with emphasis on environmental and climatic condition, tries to investigate the appropriate location with consideration of amount of heating and cooling requirements.
Materials and methods:
In this study we uses of documentary-statistical method. Datas of daily temperature are analyses based on a current period of 2005 to 2015 in 6 stations in the Qom Province .In this study, the location of the time - the energy required for cooling and heating, using the optimize threshold. We uses of ArcGIS 10/2 software and DEM map for to draw the annual and seasonal plans of heating and cooling of selected stations in Qom province.. First, the data were collected and adjusted in Excel, and then the correlation between the height and indicators of the annual and seasonal heating and cooling requirements of the formulation was rune in the GIS software.
Results and discussion
The results showed that the amount of cooling and heating demand is changed each season. In winter, the most needed heating needs at veshnaveh station with 1527 ° degree day. The lowest heating requirement is at the Qom station with 1092 degree day. On average, in winter, more than 1100 heating degree day is needed to adjust the temperature of the environment. In the fall, according to the location of the stations located in the west of the province, due to the higher elevation, more heat demand is needed to adjust the temperature of the environment. In the summer, only the cooling day temperature is necessary to adjust the temperature of the environment. In this season, the minimum CDD is at the veshnaveh Station and the highest amount at Qom station is required to 569 ° C. In the spring, as in other seasons, according to climate and location, the CDD and HDD status changes.
The winter season, like the fall season, requires cooling at all stations to be zero, but the need for heating at all stations is very high, with the highest being at Wandshake Station with (1524.22) at a higher elevation. As shown in the following maps, in the autumn, the need for cooling other than the South and the West, which is zero, is very low in the rest of the region as compared to the need for heating. So that the heating demand in this season in the south with the highest (810.24) and the center with the lowest (484.13) have the lowest.
Conclusion
In this study, optimal location of greenhouse cultivation of cultivated vegetables in Qom province (with emphasis on optimal energy consumption) was investigated. The results indicated that the factor that can be considered as one of the most important basic information in estimating the amount of energy needed to warm the greenhouse in the cold season or cooling it in the warm season is information that Utilizing them will have fruitful results in planning and decision making in the enTherefore, according to the heating and cooling maps and charts, the annual amount of Qom stations can be said that the amount of heating and cooling required is a function of height. As far as the west of the province and south of the province are concerned, the height increases, CDD decreases and the HDD increases. The vast parts of the east of the province, which have desert and plain climates, require the highest amount (CDD) and the least amount (HDD) per year in the region.ergy sectorB. The results show that for each 100 m elevation, the amount of cooling medium (50.62) decreases and the ambient warming (84.52) increases..
