عوامل موثر بر درك خطر ايرانيان از بيماري كوويد-19

Factors Influencing Iranians' Risk Perception of Covid-19

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: اﻣﺮوزه درك ﺧﻄﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﺮدي ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﯾﺪﺋﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ در آن ﻧﻘﺶ دارﻧﺪ و از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ راه ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻄﺮ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درك ﺧﻄﺮ اﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ درك ﺧﻄﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ درك ﺧﻄﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﻧﻠﺎﯾﻦ در ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﺎرﺑﺮان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ )ﺗﻠﮕﺮام و واﺗﺴﺎپ( اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ روش آﺳﺎن و در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺧﺮوﺟﯽ اﮐﺴﻞ در دﺳﺘﺮس ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار 16-SPSS و آﻣﻮس ﻧﺴﺨﻪ 16 ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 1265 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه، 364 ﻧﻔﺮ از 20 اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺸﻮر ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ را در ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 12-6 اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه 98 ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺳﻨﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن در ﮔﺮوه 20-39 ﺳﺎل، و 162 )44/5 %( ﻧﻔﺮ ﻣﺮد ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺗﺎﺋﯿﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ دوم آﻣﻮس ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮد؛ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ- ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﯽ در درك ﺧﻄﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ 19 ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﻮن ﻧﺸﺎن داد؛ اﻋﺘﻘﺎدات و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ را ﺑﺎ درك ﺧﻄﺮ اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﺎن از ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ- 19 دارد. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻠﺎش ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﻦ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر در ارﺗﻘﺎء درك ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﮐﻮوﯾﺪ-19 ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Background and Aim: Today, risk perception goes beyond the individual subject and has a social, cultural and ideological significance. Since the only way to reduce risk in the community is to increase the risk perception of the majority of the population in the community, this study aimed to investigate the factors influencing Iranians' risk perception of COVID-19 disease. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using an online questionnaire among Iranian users of social networks. After convenience sampling, data were analyzed by SPSS and Amos software. Results: Out of 1265 observations, 364 people from 20 provinces have completed the questionnaire during the period February 25 to March 2, 2020. The most participants were in the 20-39 age group and 162 (44.5%) were men. The second-order confirmatory factor analysis test indicated that religious-cultural, political, cognitive, social, and emotional factors influence Iranians' risk perception of Covid-19 disease. Tests also showed that religious and cultural factors had the highest positive correlation and emotional factors had the most negative correlation with Iranians' risk perception of Covid-19 disease. Conclusion: Considering the importance of the role of socio-political and religious factors, it is suggested that the executive and cultural authorities of the country should strive to improve the Iranian risk perception of Covid-19.