شناخت مكانيسم هاي مقابله اي در مواجهه با عوامل استرس زا در پرسنل نظامي

Identify Coping Mechanisms to Deal with Stressors in Military Personnel

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺮس زاي زﯾﺎدي روﺑﺮو ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ اي در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺮس زا در ﭘﺮﺳﻨﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎ: اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آن 384 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن ﻧﯿﺮوي درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﺟﻤﻊآوري دادهﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﻃﻠﺎﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺮسزا در ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آزاد ﻣﺮزآﺑﺎدي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪاي ﻟﺎزاروس-ﻓﻮﻟﮑﻤﻦ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺮسزا در ﺷﺶ ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺷﻐﻠﯽ، ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽﮔﺮي( و ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪاي داراي 8 زﯾﺮ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس: ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ، ﺧﻮد ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ، ﻃﻠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻣﺴﻮﻟﯿﺖ، ﮔﺮﯾﺰ- اﺟﺘﻨﺎب، ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺷﺪه و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﺮسزا ﺑﺎﻟﺎﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺮس ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺣﯿﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽﮔﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 17/95 ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪاي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 10/65 ﺑﻮد. ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺴﻢﻫﺎي ﻫﯿﺠﺎن ﻣﺤﻮر ﺑﻮد )0/001

Background and Aim: Military personnel face many stressors. This study aimed to identify coping mechanisms in the face of stressors in military personnel. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study 384 of staff affiliated to Iranian Navy Force, who were selected by cluster random sampling. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaire, a military stressors questionnaire developed by Azad Marzabadi and Lazarus-Folkmanchr('39')s coping mechanisms questionnaire. Stressors were evaluated in six areas (factors related to the region of workplace, social, occupational, personal, familial and military-related factors) and coping mechanisms in eight subscales including; confronting coping, distancing, self-controlling, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape-avoidance, planful problem solving, and positive reappraisal. Results: Among the stressors, the highest level of stress was related to the military with an average of 17.95. The most common coping mechanism was positive reappraisal with an average of 10.65. The mean use of problem-oriented mechanisms was significantly higher than emotion-driven mechanisms (P<0.001). There was a direct and positive relationship between most stressors and emotion-driven mechanisms, and there was a negative and reverse relationship with problem-oriented mechanisms. Conclusion: The study found that participants were more likely to use problem-oriented mechanisms in coping with stressors. However, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to reduce the use of emotion-based solutions and also to strengthen the use of problem-oriented coping mechanisms.