مولفه هاي فيزيولوژيك و آمادگي جسماني در رزم در محيط‌هاي نامتعارف گرم، سرد و مرتفع: مروري روايتي

Physiological Components and Physical Combat Readiness in Warm, Cold, and High Altitude Extreme Environmental Conditions: Narrative Review

ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد، ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰم اﺳﺘﻘﺮار و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت، ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ و ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي، ﺧﻮاب و ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي رواﻧﯽ را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻪﺳﺰاﯾﯽ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻫﻤﻮﺳﺘﺎز، ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ورزﯾﺪﮔﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ در ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻮﻟﻪ دارد. ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر و ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي و اﻧﮕﯿﺰﺷﯽ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺘﯽ، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻬﺮهوري و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﺷﮑﺴﺖ در ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎتﻫﺎ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﺳﺘﺮس اراﯾﻪ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮژﯾﮏ در اﺳﺘﺮسﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮد آﻧﻬﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪاردﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﯾﺖ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر، ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺮوري ﺿﻤﻦ اراﯾﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺮسﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ، ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ و اﺛﺮات اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻓﺮاد ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪاي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﺮسﻫﺎي اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎ اﺷﺎره ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺮد. اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﺎﮐﯿﺪ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ اراﯾﻪ راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي دﻗﯿﻖ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞﻫﺎي ﻣﺪون ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺟﻬﺖ دار ﻧﯿﺎز ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ.

Military forces based on their mission have to deployment and executed military operation in extreme environmental conditions, they simultaneously experience nutritional and sleep disorders and endure mental stress. This condition plays essential role in body hemostasis, military fitness components and finally commanded missionchr('39')s success. Neglecting above mentioned condition physiological responses, as long as providing nutritional, training, and motivational needs could be health compromising, reduce productivity and finally led to operations failure. Various insight presented regards fronting these stressful environment induced disorders; it seems, investigating physiological responses to military environment stress, based on its specific characteristics, and employing specified standards for mission in these environments could be one part of possible strategy. In these review we mentioned the physiological responses to environmental stressor of warm, cold, high altitude and their expected effects on military personnel function, as a training and nutritional approach to deal with convinced stress. However, it should be emphasis that providing exact solution based on existence needs, required experimentally simulation of operation environment and preparing classified instructions based on directional research.