اثر مواجهه با صدا و ارتعاش تمام بدن بر سطوح ادراري متانفرين و نورمتانفرين

The Effects of Noise and Whole Body Vibration on Urinary Metanephrine and Normetanephrine

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: آﺛﺎر ﻏﯿﺮﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا و ارﺗﻌﺎش ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا و ارﺗﻌﺎش ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮنﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮس را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار داده و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﺳﺘﺮس ﻫﻤﭽﻮن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن و ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت ﻗﻠﺒﯽ- ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺻﺪا و ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ادراري ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ در ﻣﺮدان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ 30 ﻧﻔﺮ از داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﭘﺴﺮ واﺟﺪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻃﯽ ﺗﻤﺎم آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت، ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي زﻣﯿﻨﻪاي ﻫﻤﭽﻮن دﻣﺎ، ﺷﺪت روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ، ﺗﺮاز ﻓﺸﺎرﺻﻮت و ﺷﺘﺎب ارﺗﻌﺎش )ﻫﺮ دو ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ( اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ دو ﺗﺮاز ﺻﺪا و دو ﺗﺮاز ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺗﻮام ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 30 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ادرار اﻓﺮاد ﻗﺒﻞ و ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ روش اﻟﺎﯾﺰا و ﮐﯿﺖ اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ/ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ ادرار اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ دادهﻫﺎ از رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﺑﺎ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮيﻫﺎي ﺗﮑﺮاري ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد GEE اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا )ﺗﺮاز ﺻﺪاي 85 و 91 دﺳﯿﺒﻞ آ( و ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺪن 1/85 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺬور ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد )P>0/05(. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ در ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎ ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺪن 2/45 ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺠﺬور ﺛﺎﻧﯿﻪ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺒﻮد )P>0/05(. ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا و ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار )P>0/05( ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮنﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺮس در اﺛﺮ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪا دﺳﺘﺨﻮش ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد، اﻣﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات روﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ را دﻧﺒﺎل ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﻧﯿﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﺮ روي ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ ادرار اﺛﺮ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ادراري ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ و ﻧﻮرﻣﺘﺎﻧﻔﺮﯾﻦ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺎرﮐﺮﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮ از ﺻﺪا و ارﺗﻌﺎش ﺗﻤﺎم ﺑﺪن در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺪت ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد.

Background and Aim: Little attention has been paid to the effects of combined exposure to noise and vibration. Exposure to noise and vibration can effect stress hormones and may lead to high blood pressure and cardiovascular disorders. This study aims to investigate the effects of noise and vibration on urinary Metanephrine and Normetanephrine among men. Methods: In this experimental study, 30 male students were deemed eligible for entry. Background variables such as temperature, light intensity, sound pressure level and vibration acceleration (before and after exposure) were measured throughout each experiment. Participants were randomly exposed to two noise levels and two vibration accelerations for 30 minutes in a combined and independent exposure condition. Urine samples were taken an hour before and an hour after exposure. Metanephrine and Normetanephrine levels were measured using the ELISA method and a specialized Metanephrine/Normetanephrine urinary measurement kit. A repeated measures regression with a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) approach was applied for data analysis. Results: The exposure to noise (at 85 and 91 dB(A)) and independent exposure to whole body vibration at 1.85 m/s2 caused an increase in Normetanephrine and a decrease in Metanephrine concentration although these changes were not statistically meaningful (P>0.05). Combined exposure to noise and vibration caused an increase in Metanephrine and Normetanephrine concentration. These changes were also not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Study subjects’ stress hormone concentrations changed when exposed to noise but did not follow a particular trend. Short term exposure (30 minutes) did not have a distinguish effect on urinary Metanephrine and Normetanephrine concentrations. Therefore, urinary Metanephrine and Normetanephrine concentrations cannot be considered appropriate indicators for noise and whole body vibration exposure.