وضعيت سلامت روان و عوامل تأثيرگذار بر آن در سربازان ايراني: مروري نظام‌مند

Mental Health Status and Its Influencing Factors in Iranian Soldiers: Systematic Review

زﻣﯿﻨﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ روان ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺎدي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ روان ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺮ آن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺮوري ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ، ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺎت ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ 15 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1383-1398 )2004-2019( ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ زﺑﺎن ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ و اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﯿﺪواژهﻫﺎي ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان، ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯿﺎن، اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت رواﻧﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان، ارﺗﺶ، ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﺢ و ﺳﺮﺑﺎز در ﭘﺎﯾﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ Medlib ،Magiran ،SID ،Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed و Iran medex اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. در ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮي اوﻟﯿﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 615 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ روان ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮي ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد 286 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ورود و ﺧﺮوج 18 ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺑﺮون ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ )ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و رواﻧﯽ( و درون ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ )اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎن، ﻧﻮع وﻇﯿﻔﻪي ﻣﺤﻮلﺷﺪه و ﻧﺤﻮه آﻣﻮزش( واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺮور اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ دﭼﺎر اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت رواﻧﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ: اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ، اﺿﻄﺮاب، اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت ﺧﻮاب، اﻋﺘﯿﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺪر، ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎراﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ، ﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ، اﺳﮑﯿﺰوﻓﺮﻧﯽ، ﻫﯿﺴﺘﺮي و ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ: ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي، ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ، ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﯽ در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ روان آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت رواﻧﯽ در ﻗﺸﺮ ﺟﻮان و ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮص ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان وﻇﯿﻔﻪ، اراﯾﻪ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻘﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻠﺎﻣﺖ رواﻧﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺮﺑﺎزان در ﺑﺪو ورود ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﯽ و ﺑﺮﮔﺰاري ﮐﺎرﮔﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪاي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺣﺘﯽ اﻟﺎﻣﮑﺎن از ﺑﺮوز آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎي اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ

Background and Aim: The mental health of soldiers is a vital issue that has posed many challenges today. The aim of this study was to review the mental health of Iranian soldiers and its influencing factors. Methods: In this systematic review study, papers published over a period of 15 years between the years 2004-2019 were reviewed. Electronic search in Persian and English with the keywords; soldierschr('39') health, military mental health, soldierschr('39') mental disorders, army,‌ armed forces and soldiers in Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, SID, iranMagiran, Medlib and Iranmedex was done. In the initial search; 615 papers related to soldiers’ mental health were obtained. In the screening stage, 286 papers were retrieved and according to the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 18 papers were selected. Results: According to the studies, it can be said that the mental health status of Iranian soldiers is dependent on two general categories of external (family environment, economic, cultural and psychological factors) and internal factors (existing facilities, commanderschr('39') approach, type of duty). an‎d the manner of training). The results of this study showed that some Iranian soldiers suffer from mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, drug addiction, personality problems including paranoid, mania, schizophrenia, hysteria and narcissism. Numerous factors including individual, family, social, economic, cultural, managerial and organizational factors affect their mental health status. Conclusion: The increase in mental disorders among young people, especially soldiers, makes it necessary to provide effective strategies to improve their mental health. In this regard, assessing the personality traits of soldiers upon entering military bases and holding confrontation workshops can prevent possible damage as much as possible.