ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﺛﺎر اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺮزي (ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﻣﻮردي ﺳﺪ ﺑﺎرون، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﻟﺪران)

Investigation of Social, Economic and Security Impacts of Dams on Border Rural Areas (Case Study Baroon Dam, Chaldoran city)

زﯾﺮﺳـــﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮدن در ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺟﻨﮓﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ، اﻣﺮوزه ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺟﺬاﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي دﺷــﻤﻨﺎن و ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ زﯾﺮﺳــﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ از دﻏﺪﻏﻪﻫﺎي اﺻــﻠﯽ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در ﮐﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪات ﻋﻠﯿﻪ زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻠﯽ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺧﻄﺮات ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺣﻤﻼت دﺷﻤﻨﺎن و ﻣﺘﺨﺎﺻﻤﺎن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺸﻮري ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﯾﺎ اﺧﺘﻼﻻﺗﯽ ﭼﻮن آﻟﻮده ﺷﺪن آب ﺳﺪﻫﺎ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺧﺴـﺎرات ﺟﺪي ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﻫﻢﺟﻮار ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳـﺖ آن ﺳـﺪﻫﺎ، وارد آورد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳـﺖ و ﻫﺪف از آن، ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ آﺛﺎر ﺳـﺪ ﺑﺎرون ﺑﺮ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼــﺎدي و اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﺎﻟﺪران ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي، ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 2000 ﻧﻔﺮ از اﻓﺮاد ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﺪ ﺑﺎرون اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ 100 از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. رواﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺶﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺻﻮري و ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ آن، ﺑﺎ روش آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ و ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻــﻞ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺣﺎﺿــﺮ ﻧﺸــﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺣﺪاث ﺳـﺪ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ: ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷـﻐﻞ و از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻗﺒﻠﯽ، ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﻣﺸـﮑﻼت اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦدﺳﺖ، ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ آب ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﺎﻻدﺳﺖ ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت و ﻣﯿﺰان دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

Important infrastructures, due to their impact on the outcome of new wars, are nowadays attractive to enemies and opponents. Investigating and assessing the threat of important infrastructure is one of the main concerns of security providers in the country. Understanding threats to national infrastructures is a framework for investigating and managing the risks of attacks by enemies and adversaries. Dams are one of the most important infrastructure in any country. Damage to dams or disturbances such as dam water can cause serious damage to neighboring communities, especially downstream areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Baron Dam on the social, economic and security sectors of the border villages of Chaldoran city.The data collection method was a library-based field study using a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The statistical population of the study was 2000 people affected by Baron Dam, 100 of whom were randomly selected. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. The results of the present study showed that dam construction on factors such as: change of job and loss of previous job, relocation and migration of population, downstream security problems, allocation of water over upstream areas to prevent migration and The availability of peer groups has had the most impact.