بررسي نقش سرمايه اجتماعي بر امنيت كارآفريني گردشگري (مطالعه موردي: شهرستان اردل)

Investigating the Role of Social Capital on Tourism Entrepreneurship Security Case Study: Ardal Township

ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ آن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ، ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻼن و ﭼﻪ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺧﺮد و ﺑﻨﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي- اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮان در ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﯾﺎري رﺳﺎﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ و ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ آن دارد؛ ﭼﺮا ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ- اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از دو ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﺘﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ، اول اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﺎن اﻓﺮادي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﻮد ﺑﻮده و دوم آن ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ وﺟﻮد ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﮐﺴﺐ و ﮐﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﺬارد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و روش آن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺎﻻي 20 ﺳﺎل ﺳﺎﮐﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن اردل اﺳﺖ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 192 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺮ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﮐﺎرآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ دارد )0/583(. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Social capital is largely based on cultural and social factors, and its identification as a type of capital, both at the macro level and at the micro and enterprise levels, can provide new insights into socio-economic systems and guide managers. This type of capital plays an important role in entrepreneurial activities and securing it because entrepreneurship is a socio-economic process that relies on social conditions and context in two ways, first that entrepreneurs are people who are the product of their social environment and secondly That entrepreneurship is a social activity and therefore the presence or absence of social connections and relationships affect the nature of business. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital on tourism entrepreneurship security. This is an applied-purpose study, a descriptive-analytical method and a case study. The study population is people over 20 years old in Ardal Township and the sample size is estimated to be 192 people who were selected as available. The results show that social capital has a direct and above average effect on entrepreneurial security (0.558). Accordingly, suggestions have been made in line with this result.