ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻮرﭘﺮدازي و روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮي در اﺣﺴﺎس اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان

The Role of Lighting and Lighting in Urban Public Spaces in Citizens' Security

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﻬﻢ، ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و ﺟﺪﯾﺪ در دﻧﯿﺎي اﻣﺮوز و در ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﻣﻨﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. اﻣﻨﯿﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪه آن در ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. اﺣﺴﺎس اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در ﯾﮏ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ دارد. اﻣﻨﯿﺖ از ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎ و ﺿﺮورتﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻓﺮد و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻧﺒﻮد آن ﯾﺎ اﺧﺘﻼل در آن، ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎزﺗﺎبﻫﺎي ﻧﮕﺮان ﮐﻨﻨﺪه و ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﮐﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل دارد؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ اﺣﺴﺎس اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺗﺮس از ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺟﺮم ﺷﺪن، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ آن ﭘﻮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ، ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﺣﻀﻮر و اﯾﻔﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ را ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺿﺮورت وﺟﻮد ﻧﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از اﺻﻠﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻮرﭘﺮدازي ﺷﻬﺮي در ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ و ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺎز دارﻧﺪه ي آن از وﻗﻮع ﺟﺮم و ﺟﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻮرﭘﺮدازي ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻣﻨﯿﺖ، دﻟﭙﺬﯾﺮ ﮐﺮدن ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ آن ﺑﺮ روان ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد و ﻧﻮر ﯾﮏ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﺳﺖ و ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان ﻧﯿﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﻮرﭘﺮدازي ﺷﻬﺮي را درك ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮر ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ راﻧﺪﻣﺎن و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ اﻓﺮاد داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آن ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺠﺪدي ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻀﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي و ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ زﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ و اﻣﻨﯿﺖ در ﺷﺐ را ﻋﻬﺪهدار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Security is one of the most important, complex and new concepts in today's world and in many political, social and economic issues. The security of much of it is in urban spaces. The feeling of security in a city depends on many factors. Security is considered to be the needs and necessities of sustainability of the individual and society, whose absence or disruption results in worrying and dangerous consequences and reflections, so that a sense of security or fear of being a victim of crime is one of the measures of urban development that Citizens and, consequently, the dynamics of the city, in particular how it affects the role of citizens in cities. This is one of the indicators of the quality of urban spaces. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the necessity of light as one of the main elements of urban landscape and the role of urban lighting in providing security to the city and its preventive role in crime. The importance of urban lighting can be seen in creating security, making urban space enjoyable and having a positive effect on citizens' minds. It can also be redesigned for urban space and architecture, providing aesthetics and security at night.