ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ(ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز در ﺳﺎل92 )

The study of Social class and profiting life chances (Case: Family breadwinners in Ahwaz in 1392)

رﺷﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺑﻬﺮه وري ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻓﺮﺻﺖ-ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎم اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت و ﺗﻤﻬﯿﺪاﺗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﻞ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺮد وﺟﻮد دارد )ﻫﯿﻠﺮ 1969 : 249(. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﺮدم از ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ و ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ.اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺳﻌﯽ دارد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﺪ آﯾﺎ ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ اﻓﺮاد ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﻬﺮهﻣﻨﺪي ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﯿﺖ از ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟ آﯾﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ اﻓﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ دارﻧﺪ؟آﯾﺎ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ دارﻧﺪ؟ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮدﮔﯽ ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ و دﻗﯿﻖﺗﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﮐﻼﺳﯿﮏ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺎرﮐﺲ ،وﺑﺮ و ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﯿﺪﻧﺰ، ﺑﻮردﯾﻮ و راﺑﺮت ﭘﺎﺗﻨﺎم اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎ در ﺷﻬﺮ اﻫﻮاز اﺳﺖ. ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 384 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﻃﺒﻘﻪاي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪهي وﺟﻮد راﺑﻄﻪي ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ، اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، رﺿﺎﯾﺘﻤﻨﺪي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ، ﺳﺒﮏ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ، ﻗﺸﺮ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺧﺎﺳﺘﮕﺎه اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﻗﻮﻣﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ واﺑﺴﺘﻪ (فرﺻﺖﻫﺎي زﻧﺪﮔﯽ) اﺳﺖ.

The development of industry and its efficiency had been followed by increasing the number of life chancas. Life includes all facilities and privileges which a person could have during one’s life (Hiller 1969- 249). Due to this progress Some people would benefit more and better chances and opportamities in their lives. The goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between social class and their sensation of enjoying life chances and opportunities among bread winner in the city of Ahwaz. this study also tries to find the answer of the role of people’s social class on taking advantage or being deprived of better chances in their lives. it also attempts to see if only a special social class can achieve the chance of having a better life. Since the topic of this study was broad, the researchers have used the combination of theoretical studies in order to perform a stronger view through other theories which were proposed by classic sociologists such as Marx and Weber, and modern sociologists such as Giddens, and Robert Pantam. This descriptive research was conducted through a quantitative study. The participants were all families breadwinners in Ahvaz. The number of participants based on cocoran formula was 384 people which were selected randomly based on their class in this society. The findings showed that there is a meaningful significance between religious believe, social security, political satisfaction, life style, social class, social participation, social rank, ethnicity and our dependent variable which is the life chance.