ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻨﻮي در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان

Investigating the mediating role of self-care and spiritual experiences in the relationship between psychological well-being and social support of the elderly

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ روان و ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در دوره ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪي را ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺿﺮورت ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﻤﻮد و ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ و اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ در راﺳﺘﺎي ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ در ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ و ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯽ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻨﻮي در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺑﻮد. از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺧﺼﻮص و ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﻬﺮان در ﺳﺎل 96-97 300 ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ )76 ﻣﺮد، 224 زن( ﺑﻪ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﻃﺒﻘﻪ-ﺑﻨﺪي ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. اﺑﺰار ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ رﯾﻒ، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺧﻮدﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از آزﻣﻮن ﺳﻮﺑﻞ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ و ﻣﺪلﺳﺎزي ﻣﻌﺎدﻻت ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻏﯿﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺧﻮد ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻨﻮي ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روانﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار دارﻧﺪ )0/005≤p(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﺪل ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻬﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ روان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺠﯿﮕﺮي ﺧﻮد ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺘﯽ و ﺗﺠﺎرب ﻣﻌﻨﻮي از ﺑﺮازش ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ

Introduction: Paying attention to the subject of mental health and psychological well-being in old age became a necessity and in order to achieve a comprehensive and effective program to promote psychological well-being in the elderly, it was necessary to research, study and find effective and related factors. The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-care and spiritual experiences in the relationship between psychological well-being and social support of the elderly. Methods: The present research method was correlation with path analysis method. From the community of all elderly people in private and public centers of Tehran in 1997-96, 300 elderly people (76 men, 224 women) were selected by military sampling method. The research tools included Reef's Psychological Welfare Questionnaire, Social Support Questionnaire, Self-Care Scale, and Spiritual Experience Questionnaire. In this study, Sobel test, path analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the research findings. Results: The results showed that the variable of social support indirectly had a significant relationship with psychological well-being through self-care and spiritual experiences (p≤0 / 005). Conclusion: The model of predicting the psychological well-being of the elderly based on social support with self-care mediation and spiritual experiences has a favorable fit.