جراحات ترافيكي راه به عنوان يك مشكل بهداشت عمومي

Understanding the Road Safety Performance of OECD Countries

ما در اين فصل اساس مفهوم كنترل جراحت را مشخص كردهايم و بر اين واقعيت تاكيد كردهايم كه مسئله جراحات ترافيكي جادهاي بايد به عنوان مشكل سلامت عمومي درمان شود و بايد با هر گونه بيماري جدي مقابله كنيم. مهم است كه ما درك كنيم بايد رويكرد را از دنبال خطاي قرباني گشتن و اعمال مجازات به يك استدلال منطقي با برخورد با پيشرفتهاي سيستميك و پيدا كردن راه حل انجام دهيم و باري اضافي را بر روي دوش استفاده كنندگان از راه نگذاريم. جراحات ترافيكي جادهاي ناشي از واكنشهاي پيچيده جامعه شناختي، رواني، فيزيكي و تكنولوژيكي است. از آنجا كه جراحات ناشي از تبادل انرژي بين محيط زيست و بدن انسان است، ممكن است سياستهاي ايمني و استراتژيها را در روشي جامع و علمي توسعه دهيم. استراتژي 10 هادون و ماتريكس هادون در اين فصل بحث شده است كه به ما كمك ميكند افكارمان را براي تجزيه و تحليل تخصيص منابع، شناسايي استراتژي و برنامهريزي سازماندهي كنيم.

The road safety performance of economically developed OECD countries over the last century shows a remarkable and consistent pattern. In most of these countries, road traffic deaths were rising until the 1920s but have declined steadily since then. Understanding the road safety history of OECD countries can provide useful insights to road safety professionals in low-and middle income countries (LMICs) to help them better manage safety in their transportation systems. This chapter examines the trends in performance of OECD countries through three perspectives .The first considers the rising and falling trends in road traffic deaths as a natural developmental process (“economic determinism”). In this perspective, road traffic injuries increase initially as a society motorizes but injuries begin to decline after the society reaches a certain developmental threshold, after which it begins to address its health and environmental issues. The second perspective critiques this position by illustrating that the rising and falling trends can partly be explained by the shift in risk that occurs when motorization is primarily through increasing cause. As the use of cars increases, the risk to pedestrians initially increases. However, eventually most pedestrians become car users and further motorization reduces the number of pedestrians and hence their exposure to road traffic injuries. In the final perspective, we look at the issue through the lens of a political process. We reassess the statistical data to show that the late 1920s were a special