اﺛﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪهي ﻋﺼﺎره ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ روي ﭘﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ Agonoscena pistaciae Burkhardt and Lauterer (Hem:Aphalaridae)

Lethal Effect of Some Medicinal Plants Extraction on Common Pistachio Psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae burkhardt and Lauterer (Hem: Aphalaridae)

ﺳﺖ. روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آﻓﺖﮐﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل اﯾﻦ آﻓﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه، اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺧﻄﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي آب و ﺧﺎك اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺧﻮاص ﺣﺸﺮه ﮐﺸﯽ ﮐﻪ دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻓﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي اﺗﺎﻧﻮﻟﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه آوﯾﺸﻦ، رزﻣﺎري، ﮐﺮﭼﮏ و ﺗﻠﺨﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن روي ﺳﻦ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﭘﻮرﮔﯽ ﭘﺴﯿﻞ در دﻣﺎي ºC 26±2و رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ 65±5 % و دوره ﻧﻮري 8 :16 )روﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ: ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ( ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. در آزﻣﺎﯾﺶﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮج ﭘﺎﺷﺶ روي دﯾﺴﮏﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﭘﺎﺷﯿﺪه ﺷﺪ و آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ و اﺗﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رﻓﺖ و 24 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﺮدن ﻣﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺸﻨﺪه ﭘﻨﺠﺎه درﺻﺪ )LC50( ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي آوﯾﺸﻦ، رزﻣﺎري، ﮐﺮﭼﮏ،ﮔﻞ ﺗﻠﺨﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن و ﺑﺮگ ﺗﻠﺨﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 569592 ،921002، 132393 ،669065و247100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﻠﺨﻪ ﺑﯿﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎ روي آﻓﺖ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي از ﻣﯿﺎن ﻋﺼﺎرهﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﯾﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﻮد.

The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, is known as the most important pest in the pistachio orchards of Iran. Of controlling this pest different method as pesticides application have been used till now, but due to environmental hazard and prevention of natural resources especially in water and soil systems management and chains food uses of other method is necessary. In recent years, the plant-derived insecticids have been considered for pest's control because of their insecticidal properties. In this research, the effect of ethanolic extracts of Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ricinus communis, and Sophopra alopecuriodes on the 5th instar nymph of A. pistaciae were assayed using spray tower method at 26±2°C, 65±5 % RH and 16: 8 (L: D) photoperiod. The pistachio leaf disks were sprayed by different concentration of plant extracts. The total numbers of dead were counted after 24h. The LC50 value for T.vulgaris, R.officinalis, R.communis and S.alopecuriodes were 92002, 569592, 321218 and132393 ppm respectively. Based on the results, S.alopecuriodes plant extracts has comparatively effective on pest and it can be as an effective compound candidate in controlling this pest.