اﺛﺮ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮ ﺟﺬب ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ در داﺧﻞ و ﺧﺎرج از داﻣﻨﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ در داﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺳﺮﺧﺲ

The Effect of Soil Compaction on Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Uptake in and out of the Least Limiting Water Range in Pistachio, cv. Sarakhs, Seedlings

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﻓﺘﺎر داﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ).Pistachio vera L( رﻗﻢ ﺳﺮﺧﺲ در رﻃﻮﺑﺖ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢﻫـﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ، آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪاي در ﯾﮏ ﺧﺎك آﻫﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻟﻮم ﺷﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ آﺷﯿﺎﻧﻪاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك و ﺷـﺶ داﻣﻨﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﺮ داﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷـﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع 24 ﺳـﻄﺢ رﻃـﻮﺑﺘﯽ در داﺧـﻞ 4 ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ آﺷﯿﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮد و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ آﺷﯿﺎﻧﻪاي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺟـﺮا ﺷـﺪ. ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺳـﻄﺢ ﺗـﺮاﮐﻢ )ﭼﮕـﺎﻟﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي 1/65 ،1/5 ،1/35 و 1/8 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ( داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ 15/24 و ارﺗﻔﺎع 50 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ اﯾﺠـﺎد و ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل داﻧﻬﺎلﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﻘﺮار آنﻫﺎ ﺷﺶ داﻣﻨﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ از ﻧﻘﻄﻪ اﺷﺒﺎع ﺗـﺎ ﮐﻤﺘـﺮ از ﻧﻘﻄـﻪ ﭘﮋﻣﺮدﮔﯽ داﺋﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻤﯽ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧـﺪام ﻫـﻮاﯾﯽ ﭘﺴـﺘﻪ و ﻏﻠﻈـﺖ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ اﻧﺪام ﻫـﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸـﻪ ﺷـﺪ. زﯾـﺎدي و ﮐﻤﺒـﻮد رﻃﻮﺑـﺖ ﺳـﺒﺐ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫـﺎ ي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك اﺛﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر را ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ ﻧﻤـﻮد. در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 1/5 ،1/35 و 1/8 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺑـﯿﺶ ﺗـﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪار ﺟﺬب ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ و ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻓﺴﻔﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ داﺧﻞ داﻣﻨﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺤـﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 1/8 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﮑﻌﺐ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب ﻧﯿﺘـﺮوژن اﻧـﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ، ﻏﻠﻈﺖ و ﻣﻘﺪار ﺟﺬب ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ در داﻣﻨﻪ رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﻣﺤـﺪودﯾﺖ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘـﺪار را ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد. ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﻞ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك، زﯾﺎدي و ﮐﻤﯽ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺧﺎك ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ

In order to study the behavior of pistachio seedlings (Pistachio vera L.) at various moisture levels and soil compaction levels at a greenhouse in a sandy loam soil with a nested design was conducted in which four levels of soil compaction and six moisture levels in three replications were applied. A total of 24 moisture levels to nest within 4 soil compaction levels and nested design were conducted based on completely randomized design. Four soil compaction levels (1.35, 1.5, 1.65 and 1.8 g/cm3) within a cylindrical building and after transferring the pistachio seedlings into soil cylinders and their establishment, six different volumetric water contents, from permanent wilting point to saturation, for each compaction level were applied. Soil compaction reduced shoot dry weight and concentration and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots and roots of pistachio. High and low moisture reduces parameters at different soil compaction levels, and soil compaction adverse effects of stress on the parameters escalated. The density of 1.35, 1.5 and 1.8 g/cm3 highest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus of root, highest amount of nitrogen and potassium of roots and highest amount of phosphorus of shoots and roots were observed in the least limiting water range. The density of 1.8 g/cm3 maximum dry weight of shoots and roots, the maximum amount of nitrogen of shoot, highest concentration and amount of potassium were observed in the least limiting water range. Overall, soil compaction and high and deficit soil moisture content reduced parameter being measured.