بررسي عملكرد و كارآيي مصرف آب ژنوتيپهاي مختلف گندم نان در شرايط قطع آبياري انتهاي فصل

Investigation of yield and Water Use Efficiency of bread wheat different genotypes under end season irrigation cut off conditions

اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺣﻔﻆ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ از آبﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ زﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﮐﺸﺎورزي و اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ارﻗﺎم و ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻠﮕﻪ رخ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﺪم ﻗﻄﻊ آب آﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، ﯾﮏ ﻗﻄﻊ آب آﺧﺮ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ، دو ﻗﻄﻊ آب آﺧﺮ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﺮي وﺳﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ آب آﺧﺮ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺧﻤﯿﺮي( و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ارﻗﺎم ﺳﺎﯾﻮﻧﺰ، ﮔﺎﺳﮑﻮژن، ﺗﻮس و ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎيCD- ،CD-85-13 85-9، C-85-4 ،C-81-4 ،CD-85-15 و C-85-6( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺷﯿﻮه آﺑﯿﺎري ﻗﻄﺮه-اي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﯽ ﺗﯿﭗ( و ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺖ ﮐﻼس A ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻨﺘﻮر ﺗﺠﻤﻌﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺑﺮ روي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ داﻧﻪ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب آﺑﯿﺎري اﺛﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺘﻪ وﻟﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﮐﺜﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري آﺧﺮ واﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و ﻋﮑﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ دو دور آﺧﺮ آﺑﯿﺎري از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰارداﻧﻪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ.

In order to maintain and efficient the use of groundwater, especially in agriculture and evaluate the effects of drought stress on yield and water use efficiency of different wheat varieties and lines this research was done at Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Station of Jolgeh. The experiment was as split plots based on randomized completely blocks design with three replications that drought stress as main plot in four levels (no cutting end irrigation, a cut in the irrigation during flowering, milky irrigation cut in the last two-three final water cut in the dough stage) and bread wheat cultivars (varieties Sayonz, Gascogne, Toos and lines-of CD-85-13, CD-85-9, CD-85-15, C- 81-4, C-85-4 and C-85-6) were considered as subplots. Drip irrigation method (T-type system) and class A evaporation pan was determined by using the cumulative meter. Traits such as grain yield, biological yield, grain weight, harvest index, Water Use Efficiency and plant height, respectively were studied. Analysis of variance showed that the genotypes for all the different types of irrigation had significant difference for all traits. The irrigation showed significant effect on different characteristics and ultimately crop yield and water use efficiency. The final grain yield heavily decreased in cutting irrigation at flowering stage to end, but Water Use Efficiency increased. The most genotypes in the last cutting irrigation respond positively and showed differently react in the last two periods of stop irrigation so the grain yield, grain weight and harvest index were reduced in this conditions.