ويژگي هاي ژيومرفولوژيكي مناظر كارستي در حوضه آبريز كارده (شرق زون كپه داغ )

Characteristic of Karst landscape of Watershed basin of Kardeh-river (east of Kopeh-dagh zone)

There are relative many karst massive in the Kopeh-dagh mountains. Every karst geomorphologic research about these karst terrain, karst aquifer, relationship between karst forms, hydraulic karst system, land use and management of environment can be useful. The karst massive of kardeh is a type from the semi-and arid- mountains kind. In the lower part of the watershed basin there are five wells that have been drilled in limestone and the drink water of west of Mashhad is supplied by the water reservoir of the kardeh-dam. About the 80 percent of water supply for the people from the watershed basin is supplied by the springs and the other 20 percent by the rivers. From this reason the identification of karstic land forms, vulnerability of hydraulic system and finally the correct land use planning and management of water resources in this karstic territory is necessary. The main carbonate and carbonate-dolomite of the Kardeh-watershed basin are the Jurassic formations of Mazdaran (JMZ1) and Mazdaran (JMZ2) which have thick massive limestone beds. The development of the secondary permeable of the limestone (in forms of a network of joints and faulting) and the karstification processes are the most important factors of karstification of stones. The karstic forms that are made in these stones are: microkarren, karren, dolines, sinkholes, caves and other karstic forms.