ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎغ ﺻﺨﺮه اي ﺑﺎغ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان

The introduction and identify of species in Rock Garden of National Botanical Garden of Iran

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﯿﺮه¬ﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در اﯾﺮان و ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺑﺎغ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و اﻣﮑﺎن دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ و اراﺋﻪ آﻣﺎر دﻗﯿﻖ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺳﺎﻟﻢ و از ﺑﯿﻦ رﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻟﺰاﻣﯿﺴﺖ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﺒﺎدل ﺑﺬر ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ و داﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮان و داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن، ﺟﻤﻊ آوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺑﺎغ اﻋﻢ از ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي، ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي، ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ و ﻣﮑﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ آن ﻫﺎ ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰاري ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن از ﺳﺎل 1980 در ﺑﺎغ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻟﺞ اﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎغ ﺻﺨﺮه اي در ﺑﺎغ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ و ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺎﻧﮏ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ، ﺑﺘﻮان در ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﮐﻮﺷﯿﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﺑﺎغ ﺻﺨﺮه اي ﺑﻪ وﺳﻌﺖ 4 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ 8 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺷﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ 294 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و ﮐﻮﻟﺘﯿﻮار ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﮑﺮاري از 180 ﺟﻨﺲ و 65 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﺑﺎغ ﺻﺨﺮه اي ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺗﻬﺮان ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮه روﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎر ﮔﺮوه: 78 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ درﺧﺘﯽ، 102 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ درﺧﺘﭽﻪ اي، 90 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ اي و ﻋﻠﻔﯽ و 24 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﻔﭙﻮش ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژي آن ﻫﺎ، ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، ﻏﯿﺮﺑﻮﻣﯽ و زﯾﻨﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در ﺟﻨﮕﻞ و ﻓﻀﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻮن ﺑﯿﺶ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ و ﻗﻄﺮي در ﺳﺎل )35 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(، ﻣﯿﻮه ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺎﯾﺎ )33 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(، ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺑﻮدن )47 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ(، ﻣﺪت زﻣﺎن ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ )21 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ( و ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﯾﺎ زﻣﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ )4 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ( ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ و ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.

Given the increasing importance of genetic resources and diversity of plant species in Iran and also in the National Botanical Garden of Iran, In this study, some species in Rock garden of the National Botanical Garden of Iran , introduced and were separated according to their phenology studies and uses them in the woods and green spaces. The database was completed. Rock garden with an area of 4 hectare was divided into 8 pieces with map planting. The results showed that there were about 294 species from 180 genera and 65 families and adapted to the climate of Tehran. As a result of growing were divided into four groups: trees, shrubs, herbaceous and floors plants. According to the study of phenology,ecological conditions and usage in forestry and green spaces were separated to such as the fast-growing, fruit relatively stable, evergreen, the leaves change color in different seasons, long flowering period and flowering autumn or winter.