چكيده لاتين :
Background and aims: Given the ever-expanding growth of science and technology of which the
multiplicity, variety, and complexity of industrial processes have been only a part of it, and despite the
many human needs to be met using science and technology, the devastating effects must not be
forgotten. These consequences are either due to the unknown dimensions and aspects found in modern
science and technology or the result of mismanagement, illness and work-related accidents. Among
these effects and consequences are environmental consequences. Research shows that occupational
accidents are among the most important consequences of globalization, especially in developing
countries. On the other hand, the environment has suffered from the pollution caused by industrial and
manufacturing centers to the extent that the pervasive environmental crises such as gradual warming,
stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion environmental crises such as gradual global warming,
stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, depletion of water oxygen and aquatic death, soil degradation
caused by waste and chemicals and, to some extent, noise pollution, result from unequal confrontation
between industry and environment. Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) management is responsible
for planning, implementing, monitoring and optimizing operational processes in the areas of
environmental management, health protection and occupational safety. Regulatory requirements play an
important role in HSE discipline. Considering the threats posed by industry and the imposition of heavy
and increasing costs on the economy of human society, and considering the importance and role of
Health, Safety, and Environment - Management System (HSE-MS) in protecting these two infrastructure
components, and of course, highly influential manpower and the environment in the field of industry and
production and more importantly sustainable development, it is imperative to evaluate optimally and
realistically its performance in industries and manufacturing centers. The effects and consequences of
the devastation caused by the dangers and aspects of the HSE have become so tangible and visible that
they have prompted national, and international agencies to respond these issues since the mid-1990s.
These reactions occur in many forms, including the creation and dissemination of standards and
management systems. The standardization approach in the field of HSE was a response to the needs of
organizations and stakeholders that sought to manage HSE in a more sustainable and effective way in
order to reduce the number of events (accidents), occupational injuries and diseases, mitigate
environmental aspects and consequences. Ranking is a type of qualification criterion based on defined
standards and is intended to guarantee the quality and quantity of contractors in providing services and
defending the rights of stakeholders and users. Integrated fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) and
Taxonomy techniques as a method in multi criteria decision making (MCDM) helps decision maker(s) to
organize and analyze problems, and to rank alternatives. Identification of criteria and indicators,
selection of measures and weighting of indicators which with HSE-MS performance evaluation are the
purposes of this study. Then, developed method is applied to rank the 5 actives organizations in boat
industry.
Methods: This applicable study was done as a descriptive-analytic procedure. Graduates of HSE related
fields with career in HSE performance evaluation are the statistical population of this research. The
number of samples was 8 experts that according to the sampling method - nonprobability, purposive (or
judgmental) and convenience - was in correspondence with the purpose of this paper. To incorporate the
experts' knowledge and experience in presenting their opinion, we weigh the experts based on their
educational background, HSE experience and HSE performance evaluation and determine their
significance coefficients and incorporate these coefficients into the data extracted from the
questionnaires. ISO 14001: 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001: 2018
(Occupational Safety and Health Management) standards and collegiate related courses–industrial safety
engineering, occupational hygiene engineering and environment engineering/management - were
basement to identify the HSE-MS criteria and indicators. After identification, in order to quantify HSEMS
performance evaluation, some measures were determined and made available for experts. Then,
experts weighted them which weighting using FAHP approach with EA method. Finally, performance
evaluation of HSE-MS is done by Taxonomy method in 5 actives organizations in boat industry. All
experts have experience in the field of HSE performance evaluation. According to the content, approach
and goals of the research, the data collection tool is a questionnaire. As ISO 14001 : 2015 (Environmental Management Standard) and ISO 45001: 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health
Management) standards are used to identify indicators and indicators are derived from standard clauses
and each standard clause represents a specific topic, so each indicator exclusively represents one of the
standard clauses. This is also indicative of the validity of the indicators. The properties of a suitable
criterion can be divided into two categories: inner and outer. Internal characteristics are related to the
components and internal dimensions of a criterion, while external features refer to the type of
relationship between the criteria. A good criterion should have features such as: quantitative, valid,
representative, minimal variability of performance measurement results under the same conditions,
sensitive to change, cost-effective, understandable to most users Considering the inner and outer criteria
while selecting the features will lead to a comprehensive selection that will prevent the selection of
additional indefinite features along with full coverage of the HSE-MS dimensions and elements. Based
on ISO 14031: 2013 (Environmental Performance Assessment Standard), we considered two types of
managerial and operational indicators for the comprehensiveness of HSE-MS performance evaluation.
We determined managerial indicators according to the ISO 14001: 2015 (Environmental Management
Standard) and ISO 45001: 2018 (Occupational Safety and Health Management) and also operational
indicators are set based on key courses of HSE related academic disciplines. To quantify the
performance evaluation of the HSE-MS, we need to use quantitative indicators or in other words we
should apply a measure for this purpose. The researchers suggested two measures in the HSE Qualitative
Questionnaire for each indicator and experts had to select one of the two measures or introduce another
one. In terms of weight of experts, the final measure is selected for each feature. In order to determine
the effect or weight of each of the indicators on the performance evaluation of HSE-MS, we need to
determine a method for weighting. Accordingly, the fuzzy analytic hierarchical process approach was
developed to determine weight of the indicators. According to the selected method, a questionnaire
called pairwise comparison matrix of indicators / measures was given to the experts based on triangular
fuzzy numbers to determine each of the pairwise comparisons between the indicators according to the
fuzzy linguistic expression.
Results: By reviewing the literature and receiving expert’s opinions, 10 general criteria and 54
indicators were identified so that the total number of identified management performance criteria and
indicators are 7 and 28 respectively and also total number of identified operational performance criteria
and indicators are 3 and 26 respectively. Management performance criteria include organizational
environment, leadership, planning, support, operations, performance evaluation and improvement.
Operational performance criteria include safety, health and environment. Nonetheless, the total weight of
management and operational performance criteria is 40.5 and 59.5 respectively. Despite the higher
number of management performance criteria, weights and importance of operational performance
criteria for assessing HSE-MS performance is much more. Three operational performance criteria have
largest weights based on experts’ opinions. The three operational performance criteria are assigned the
highest weight followed by the management performance criteria. Among the management performance
criteria, the improvement criterion is with the highest weight and the criterion of the organizational
environment is with the least weight. Also, among the 54 identified indicators, the first six indicators
(include product, particles, gases / vapors, machinery and equipment safety, biologically permitted
hazardous agents, general safety (5S)) with the highest weight are all operational performance indicators
and the last six indicators (include partnership, consultancy, organizational roles, responsibilities and
organizational authorities, planning actions to achieve HSE objectives, internal audit, procurement and
communications) with the lowest weight are management performance indicators. The obtained results
using integrated method revealed that the organization 1 in boat industry has been placed in the top lists.
Also, the results showed an influence of indicators weight on ranking of organization that considering
this issue in performance evaluation of organizations especially in HSE-MS is the suggestion of this
research.
Conclusion: While confirming the need for management and operational performance indicators to
realistically evaluate the HSE performance of industrial organizations, this study emphasizes that the
weight of operational performance indicators is higher than that of management - despite the higher
number of management performance indicators. Obtained results showed that the integrated fuzzy
analytical hierarchy process and Taxonomy methods can be used to evaluate the performance of Health,
Safety, and Environment - Management System successfully. It seems that, performance evaluation with
multi criteria decision making methods with employee's collaboration can increasingly leads to
effectiveness in using HSE-MS. In order to improve the HSE performance of industrial organizations,
the implementation of the relevant standards, including ISO 14001: 2015 and ISO 45001: 2018, must be
such as to ultimately eliminate, reduce or contain safety hazards, adverse health factors and
environmental consequences.
