موارد تحديد و عدول ازاصول حقوق كيفري و اصول اخلاقي درطرق تحصيل دليل ِجرايم عليه امنيت با مبناي مصلحت

Cases of Limitation and Deviation from the Principles of Ethical and Criminal Law through the Study of the Cause of Crimes against Security on the Basis of Expediency

زمينه: در حقوق جزاي اختصاصي، جرايم امنيتي بدليل آثار زيانبار عمومي براي كل جامعه و كشور از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردارند. يكي از اين موراد تحصيل دليل در جرايم عليه امنيت مي باشد كه چگونگي و روش كشف و تحقيق از مرتكبان جرايم عليه امنيت با ساير جرايم متفاوت مي باشد . هدف تبيين موارد تحديد و عدول از اصول حقوق كيفري و اصول اخلاقي در طرق تحصيل دليل جرايم عليه امنيت بر مبناي مصلحت مي باشد . نتيجه­ گيري : نتايج حاصل از اين بررسي نشان مي دهد با توجه به تاكيد شارع و قانون گذار به ضرورت تحصيل دليل، از طرق قانوني و مشروع در تمامي جرايم ، از جمله جرايم عليه امنيت ، به دلايلي مثل؛ مصلحت ، اضطرار ،ضرورت حفظ نظم و امنيت جامعه ، دفع افسد به فاسد ، انتخاب بد از بدتر و... ضابطان و مقامات قضايي بتوانند دلايل ارتكاب جرم را كه شواهد قوي و متقني بر ارتكاب آن وجود دارد را كشف نموده و عدالت و نظم و امنيت را در جامعه برقرار سازند. دولت ها در زمينه واكنش نسبت به اين جرائم و در عرصه چالش ميان حقوق حاكميت و حقوق شهروندي ، معمولا در جهت تضمين حقوق حاكميت ( يعني تضمين حقوق خودشان ) گام بر مي­دارند و در همين راستا همانطور كه قبلا اشاره شد بعضا از اصول كلي و پذيرفته شده حقوق اخلاقي و جزا عدول مي كنند.

Background: In specific criminal law, security crimes are of special importance for the whole society and the country due to their harmful effects on the public. One of these cases is the study of evidence in crimes against security that the manner and method of detection and investigation of perpetrators of crimes against security is different from other crimes. The purpose of explaining the cases of restriction and deviation from the principles of moral and criminal law in the way of studying the cause of crimes against security based on expediency. Conclusion: The results of this study show that according to the emphasis of the legislator on the necessity of obtaining evidence, through legal and legitimate means in all crimes, including crimes against security, for reasons such as; expediency, urgency, the need to maintain order and security of society, bad choice from worse, etc. officers and judicial authorities can discover the reasons for committing a crime for which there is strong and convincing evidence that it has been committed and establish justice, regulation and security in society. In responding to these crimes and in the challenge between sovereignty and civil rights, governments usually take steps to guarantee sovereignty (ie, their own rights), and in this regard, as mentioned earlier, sometimes they deviate from the general and accepted principles of moral and criminal law.